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Masking
Published in Stanley A. Gelfand, Hearing, 2017
The combined effects of forward and backward masking may be found by placing the signal between the two maskers, as shown in Figure 10.16c. More masking occurs when backward and forward masking are combined than would result if the individual contributions of backward and forward masking were simply added together (Pollack, 1964; Elliott, 1969; Wilson and Carhart, 1971; Robinson and Pollack, 1973; Pastore et al., 1980; Penner, 1980; Cokely and Humes, 1993; Oxenham and Moore, 1994, 1995). Such findings suggest that forward- and backward masking depend upon different underlying mechanisms.
ENTRIES A–Z
Published in Philip Winn, Dictionary of Biological Psychology, 2003
Masking refers to the occlusion of one STIMULUS by another: it is a term usually qualified by a sensory domain—auditory masking or visual masking for instance. Backward masking is said to occur when the mask appears after the target stimulus; forward masking occurs when the mask is presented before. Brightness masking involves presentation of a bright light which makes perception of the target difficult; pattern masking involves presentation of a complex pattern (in whatever sensory modality). Metacontrast masking involves the brief presentation of a target followed by a mask which occupies the space around where the target was (it follows the target's contours). Paracontrast masking is the same as metacontrast masking except that the mask is presented before the target.
No Common Factor Underlying Decline of Visual Abilities in Mild Cognitive Impairment
Published in Experimental Aging Research, 2023
Simona Garobbio, Karin S. Pilz, Marina Kunchulia, Michael H. Herzog
Visual backward masking (SOA25, SOA5): A vernier stimulus with the duration and offset that were determined in the “Vernier discrimination task,” was followed by an adaptively varied inter-stimulus interval (ISI, a black screen) and a masking grating of 300 ms duration (Figure 1a). The grating consisted of either 25 or 5 aligned elements of the same length as the target vernier, and participants were again asked to report the offset direction of the lower with respect to the upper bar (left vs. right). We report the stimulus onset asynchrony thresholds (SOA = vernier duration + ISI) for the two gratings (SOA25 and SOA5). Please refer to Herzog, Kopmann, and Brand (2004) for more details.
Clinical, genetic, and brain imaging predictors of risk for bipolar disorder in high-risk individuals
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2020
Luca Steardo Jr, Mirko Manchia, Bernardo Carpiniello, Claudia Pisanu, Luca Steardo, Alessio Squassina
HR offspring also manifests distinct alterations of cognitive functioning. Duffy et al. [28] found that among offspring of BD parents, those affected by any psychiatric disorder or affective disorder reported more subjective problems with attention compared to those unaffected. Illness status influenced also visual backward masking (VBM) performance, with affected HR offspring making significantly more errors at short target-mask intervals compared to never ill offspring or control offspring [29].
Deep band modulation, frequency discrimination, temporal resolution and audibility effects: phrase perception with and without hearing impairment among older adults
Published in Hearing, Balance and Communication, 2022
Hemanth Narayan Shetty, Suma Raju
The stimuli and procedure for frequency discrimination using backward masking were similar to that described for the frequency discrimination experiment carried out using forward masking, except that the onset of the masker followed the offset of the test signal by 100 ms. The frequency discrimination (1000 Hz and 4000 Hz) task at two SLs was determined to see the impact of increasing the signal level on the low and high frequencies from the study participants.