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Other Complications of Diabetes
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Carpal tunnel syndrome is related to other conditions besides diabetes, including rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism, acromegaly, amyloidosis, and pregnancy-induced carpal tunnel edema. However, most cases are idiopathic, yet can be worsened by repetitive flexion and extension of the wrist. The autosomal dominant condition of Dupuytren contracture, with variable penetrance, is most common in patients with diabetes, alcoholism, or epilepsy. Specific causative factors are unknown. Causes and risk factors for primary adhesive capsulitis include diabetes, stroke, lung disease, connective tissue disease, thyroid disease, heart disease, and autoimmune disease. Secondary adhesive capsulitis develops after shoulder injury or surgery. Sclerodactyly is related to diabetes, scleroderma, and autoimmune disorders.
A to Z Entries
Published in Clare E. Milner, Functional Anatomy for Sport and Exercise, 2019
Another traumatic shoulder injury common to those contact sports is shoulder subluxation, or partial dislocation, more accurately described as acromioclavicular joint sprain. This injury tends to occur when the athlete falls directly onto the end of the shoulder. The severity of the injury depends on how much of the ligamentous structure spanning the joint is disrupted (see shoulder complex – ligaments).
Swimming
Published in Paul Grimshaw, Michael Cole, Adrian Burden, Neil Fowler, Instant Notes in Sport and Exercise Biomechanics, 2019
Considering that competitive swimmers can easily complete more than a million shoulder rotations per year (up to 10,000 m training per day with between 15 and 25 strokes per 25 m distance) it is inevitable that this will potentially result in injury. Shoulder injury to swimmers is often described by the medical professions as one or more of the following: shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) instability; inflammation of the supraspinatus tendon and often also the biceps tendon and sub-acromial impingement (impingement of the soft tissue structures lying below the acromion), which are more commonly known or classified as “swimmer’s shoulder” (Figure F6.12).
Assessing potential trade-offs between the lower back and shoulders: influence of lift training intervention on joint demands
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2022
Karen Y. Ma, Alicia L. Nadon, Alison C. McDonald, Clark R. Dickerson
The trained MMH techniques decreased mean and peak muscle activity for the shoulders, with no concomitant changes in the lower back musculature. The presence of no muscular demand trade-offs in these body areas provides evidence that these techniques did not increase the risk of shoulder injury while protecting the lower back and may have even had more impact on reducing shoulder loads than lower back loads. In contrast, previous work indicated that lower back EMG is sensitive to lifting techniques [28]. The pre-training total lower back activity was relativity low in the current study, and therefore the self-selected techniques, combined with the inherent safety as evidenced by the lifting index, may have already been less back sparing. There were also cumulative muscular demand decreases across all three body areas (right and left shoulders, lower back). These are occupationally relevant with respect to fatigue development and repetitive tasks performed over the course of a workday or workdays. Depending on the duty cycle and time, fatigue can develop with relatively low levels of exertion (<15% MVE) [29], making small changes in MVE relevant to risk analyses and injury development. Additionally, epidemiological evidence suggests an association between cumulative loading and injury, so cumulative loading has been used to evaluate occupational exposures [30,31]. This is evidence that a protective effect was seen for both the lower back and the shoulders with lift training.
Handball and movement screening – can non-contact injuries be predicted in adolescent elite handball players? A 1-year prospective cohort study
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2021
Jens Karlsson, Annette Heijne, Philip von Rosen
Handball is one of the team sports with the highest injury rates (Junge et al., 2006). In several studies, it has been reported an injury incidence during major international tournament above 100 injuries/1000 playing hours (Bere et al., 2015; Junge et al., 2006; Langevoort, Myklebust, Dvorak, and Junge, 2007). In youth handball, the injury rate has been reported to be 9.9 injuries/1000 competition hours and 0.9/1000 total hours including practice, using match and coach reports (Olsen, Myklebust, Engebretsen, and Bahr, 2006). Based on self-reported data, the overall injury rate in handball is reported to be 6.3/1000 match and training hours, and the injury rate seems to decrease by age (Moller, Attermann, Myklebust, and Wedderkopp, 2012). Further, male youths (18 years) have a 1.8 times higher risk of sustaining an injury, in any part of the body, compared to females (Moller, Attermann, Myklebust, and Wedderkopp, 2012). Recently, it was reported that 23% of adolescent handball players had substantial shoulder problems at some point over one season, of which almost half of the handball players reported complete inability to participate (Asker et al., 2018). The prevalence of shoulder injury was significantly higher in female, compared to male adolescents. Due to the high injury rates, especially in youth handball, screening tests are warranted to identify players with the highest injury risk.
Upper extremity posture and muscle activity during IV pole interaction
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2020
Garrick N. Forman, Victoria Breitner, Ryan Shivpaul, Donna Murczek, Mike W.R. Holmes
Intravenous (IV) poles are assistive devices used to support medical equipment. IV poles are used as a mobile solution to carry bags, pumps, patient monitoring devices and other required patient supplies. Depending on the facility or institution, caregivers frequently change IV bags, lift medical devices as well as push, pull and walk with the pole. Many of these tasks are frequent in nature, involve overhead working postures and have been given little attention in the literature to date. Flexed head/neck postures beyond 20° for at least 70% of a working period have been shown to increase the risk of neck pain [10,11]. Additionally, sustained upper arm abduction and/or shoulder flexion beyond 60° is associated with the development of neck and shoulder injury [12]. It is possible that a caregiver’s regular interaction with an IV pole could contribute to an increased risk of work-related upper extremity injury. Additionally, over time, both patients and monitoring devices have increased in size, however, the standard IV pole has largely remained unchanged.