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Substantive Issues in Running
Published in Christopher L. Vaughan, Biomechanics of Sport, 2020
Carol A. Putnam, John W. Kozey
As mentioned previously, control of the calcaneous during the stance phase has been implicated in a variety of running-related injuries. Smart and Robertson122 used electrogoniometers to measure knee and ankle kinematics during treadmill running (average speed of 4.5 m/sec) on groups of runners with and without rigid orthotics. They found that orthotics significantly reduced foot eversion, and increased the knee valgus angle, but did not affect the amount of knee flexion or internal rotation. Taunton et al.123 reported similar findings for subjects running at 80, 90, and 100% of their best speed of a 10 km run. The results of these studies regarding ankle pronation and supination are in agreement with those in which cinematography was employed to examine the effects of rigid orthotics in running.4 It is likely that electrogoniometry could be more favorably accepted than cinematography in the clinical setting where facilities for the latter are generally limited.
Running
Published in Paul Grimshaw, Michael Cole, Adrian Burden, Neil Fowler, Instant Notes in Sport and Exercise Biomechanics, 2019
Attempting to correct the degree of over-pronation in a runner may not be the correct solution for the medical practitioner. In fact, treatment of such injury-promoting issues requires a careful balance and interpretation of the exact cause of the excessive or insufficient pronation and supination. For example, an excessive pronator may land on the ground in a rolled-over or pronated position (i.e. on the medial (inside) edge of the heel or mid-foot) and then continue to pronate too much and for far too long into the stance phase. On the other hand, an excessive supinator may land on the lateral edge of the heel and then not pronate at all. This athlete may roll outwards on the outer edge of the heel from heel strike all the way through to toe-off. These are two extreme cases of over-pronation and over-supination. Injuries such as patella tendinitis, plantar fasciitis, shin splints, iliotibial band friction syndrome and patellofemoral pain syndrome are just a few of the many that can manifest from pronation and supination concerns. Of these common running-related injuries, patellofemoral pain syndrome is considered one of the more problematic injuries and it typically presents as an anterior knee joint pain.
Using an external focus of attention for gait retraining in runners: A case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Sara Skammer, Justin Halvorson, James Becker
The majority of running-related injuries are overuse in nature (Desai et al., 2021; Kakouris, Yener, and Fong, 2021). As such, many injuries can be linked with specific kinematic or kinetic parameters that increase loading at common injury sites (Dierks, Manal, Hamill, and Davis, 2008; Ferber, Noehren, Hamill, and Davis, 2010; Milner, Hamill, and Davis, 2010; Noehren, Scholz, and Davis, 2011; Pohl, Hamill, and Davis, 2009; Willy, Scholz, and Davis, 2012; Yong et al., 2018). While therapeutic approaches such as bracing and taping, orthotic use, or strengthening may relieve symptoms (Collins et al., 2018), these modalities fail to address the underlying kinematic or kinetic factors causing the injury. An alternative to such modalities is the use of targeted gait retraining. Gait retraining results in long-term retention of improved running mechanics through the use of specific motor learning strategies (Roper et al., 2016). When runners are provided with visual or auditory cues promoting specific changes in kinematics or kinetics, they can internalize and automate this new movement to permanently change their running mechanics.
A preliminary analysis of physical therapist agreement regarding the perceived impairments in cases of runners with knee pain
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Justin Losciale, Katherine Wayman, Cody J. Mansfield, Katherine K. Rethman, Matthew S. Briggs
Running related injuries (RRIs) occur in up to 79% of runners and are common for runners of all skill levels (Franke, Backx, and Huisstede, 2019; Kluitenberg, van Middelkoop, Diercks, and van der Worp, 2015; Van Gent et al., 2007; Videbæk, Bueno, Nielsen, and Rasmussen, 2015). While RRIs occur at various joints, the prevalence of RRI at the knee ranges from 16.1 to 50% and is the most common joint to experience RRIs (Franke, Backx, and Huisstede, 2019; Linton and Valentin, 2018; Van Gent et al., 2007). The impact of RRIs and persistent pain with running could be associated with long-term joint pain, development of osteoarthritis, and poor joint health (Alentorn-Geli et al., 2017; Bullock et al., 2020). Despite this, up to 86% of runners continue to run while experiencing pain from an injury (Linton and Valentin, 2018). This highlights an opportunity for physical therapists to have a positive impact on these athletes and potentially alter the trajectory of these individuals while promoting long-term health and fitness (Roos and Arden, 2016).
Is self-regulation key in reducing running-related injuries and chronic fatigue? A randomized controlled trial among long-distance runners
Published in Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2022
Luuk P. van Iperen, Jan de Jonge, Josette M. P. Gevers, Steven B. Vos, Luiz Hespanhol
Running is one of the most popular sports across the globe (Hulteen et al., 2017), a fortunate situation since running alleviates some of the adverse effects of the global physical inactivity pandemic (Guthold et al., 2018). Running also promotes longevity, helps to prevent chronic disease (Daskalopoulou et al., 2017; Fields et al., 2010; Lee et al., 2017), and has the potential to improve mood and mental health (Mikkelsen et al., 2017; Oswald et al., 2020; Pereira et al., 2021; Roeh et al., 2020). The underlying mechanisms have been proposed to relate to increased fitness and healthy behaviors (Fields et al., 2010; Lee et al., 2017), as well as through neurosteroid blood level changes (Pereira et al., 2021). Unfortunately, running may also yield adverse health-related outcomes, such as running-related injuries and chronic fatigue (e.g., van Poppel et al., 2021).