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Canker Sores /Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) / Oral Aphthosis
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Canker sores are the most common oral ulcerative condition encountered in clinical practice. The lesions occur on the soft tissues in the mouth or at the base of the gums. They present as recurrent small, round, or ovoid shallow craters or ulcers with yellow or white floors that are surrounded by erythematous (reddened) halos. These painful sores make eating and talking difficult. The treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is nonspecific and is based primarily on empirical data. In most cases, treatment is not necessary for minor canker sores, which tend to clear on their own in a week or two.1
The gastrointestinal system
Published in C. Simon Herrington, Muir's Textbook of Pathology, 2020
Sharon J. White, Francis A. Carey
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) involves recurrent oral ulcers seen in the absence of systemic disease. RAS is very common occurring in about 20%–25% of the population. Painful fibrin-covered ulcers arise, either singly or in crops, and of variable size (minor, major, or herpetiform). The pathogenesis is not fully determined; however, immunological factors appear to play a role. Ulcers similar to those in RAS can be seen as recurrent oral ulceration associated with systemic diseases. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis/recurrent oral ulceration may be associated with haematinic deficiencies, gastrointestinal disorders such as Crohn's disease, stress, stopping tobacco smoking, or hypersensitivity to foods.
Oral and Dental Considerations in Pregnancy
Published in Tony Hollingworth, Differential Diagnosis in Obstetrics and Gynaecology: An A-Z, 2015
Sarah Viggor, Shahid I. Chaudhry
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) affects approximately 20 per cent of the population and refers to otherwise healthy individuals who develop regular crops of mouth ulcers (Fig. 6). The aetiology is multifactorial and not easily defined. There has been some suggestion that flares of oral aphthae become less frequent during pregnancy but this has not been supported by large studies.9 Aphthous ulcers during pregnancy can be managed using topical corticosteroid preparations and analgesic oral rinses such as benzydamine hydrochloride (0.15 per cent). Haematinic deficiencies (iron, vitamin B12, and folate) may exacerbate the condition and should be excluded.
Thyroid gland involvement in secondary syphilis: a case report
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2022
Thomas Strypens, Gudrun Alliet, Greet Roef, Linsey Winne
Physical examination at the emergency department showed a pulse rate of 135 beats per minute, a body temperature of 37.6°C, a blood pressure of 126/44 mmHg, a saturation of 100%, and a respiratory rate of 14/min. Heart auscultation was normal without carotid murmurs. Limited end-expiratory wheezing was heard during lung auscultation. The examination of the oral cavity showed aphthous stomatitis. Examination of the neck showed a non-tender, erythematous swelling, approximately 4 cm in diameter at the midline of the neck with local inflammation. Palpation was very painful. There was a palpable, firm, approximately 2 cm large, painful cervical lymphadenopathy located in the third neck region. There were several sharply defined erythematosquamous plaques on the trunk and extremities. Some plaques in the elbow region and on the trunk showed signs of necrosis.
N-acetylcysteine versus chlorhexidine in treatment of aphthous ulcers: a preliminary clinical trial
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Esam Halboub, Baleegh Alkadasi, Mohammed Alakhali, Ali AlKhairat, Huda Mdabesh, Somaya Alkahsah, Saleem Abdulrab
Aphthous ulcers, or recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), is a benign oral ulcerative disease and the most common ulcerative disorder of the oral mucosa. The point prevalence is 1.5%, but the annual and lifelong prevalence rates in general population are 20% and 40%, respectively, with higher figures reported for specific population segments (1–3). A RAS episode is characterized by one or more round shallow ulcers with a well-demarcated erythematous margin and a yellowish to grayish pseudomembranous central area. The associated pain ranges from very mild to very severe (4). On the basis of their size and number, RAS can be classified as minor, major, and herpetiform. Minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis (usually less than 10 mm) is the most common form accounting for 80% RAS patients (2).
The utility of immunoglobulin A/complement 3 and immunoglobulin G/immunoglobulin M ratios in the assessment of disease activation in patients with Behçet disease
Published in Autoimmunity, 2021
Didem Dincer, Efsun Tanacan, F. Gulru Erdogan, Aysel Gurler
Association between Ig levels and BD activation has been investigated in various studies [14–19]. Bardak et al. reported higher levels of IgA, IgM, C3, and C4 levels in BD patients with active uveitis and without any other manifestation of the disease compared to a control group. Furthermore, levels of the mentioned mediators were lower in the same BD patients when they were in a convalescence period [14]. Sharief et al. demonstrated higher levels of oligoclonal IgA and M bands in cerebrospinal fluid samples of patients with active neuro-BD compared to the control group [15]. Onat et al. found increased levels of IgE in BD patients regardless of disease status [16]. Scully et al. compared BD and recurrent aphthous stomatitis patients to healthy controls in terms of IgA, D, E, and M levels; they found significantly higher levels of IgA in patients with BD and significantly higher levels of IgD and IgE in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis compared to healthy controls [17]. Bireller et al. showed that IgG purified from the neuro-BD patients was associated with increased cell death and apoptosis in cultured neuroblastoma cells [18]. Lucherini et al. reported higher levels of IgD in patients with BD compared to healthy controls [19]. In the present study, significantly higher levels of IgA, G, C4 were observed in patients with active BD. These findings are consistent with previous studies [14–19]. On the other hand, IgM and C3 levels were significantly higher in patients with inactive BD and no difference was found between the groups in terms of IgE. These latter results differ from those present in the literature.