China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (Embolism)
Published in K. Gupta, P. Carmichael, A. Zumla, 100 Short Cases for the MRCP, 2020
K. Gupta, P. Carmichael, A. Zumla
Occasionally some patients develop rubeosis iridis and glaucoma. In patients with occlusion of a branch of the central retinal artery, the fundoscopic examination will show the findings to be limited to the area of the fundus supplied by the branch of the retinal artery. Over a period of months to years the recanalization of the obstructive vessels may result in few residual signs in the retina.
Cryosurgery of the retina
Published in A Peyman MD Gholam, A Meffert MD Stephen, D Conway MD FACS Mandi, Chiasson Trisha, Vitreoretinal Surgical Techniques, 2019
Ingrid Kreissig, Harvey A Lincoff
From July 1989 to June 1990, 27 diabetic eyes with a persistent vitreous hemorrhage were treated with pancryocoagulation.40 A vitreous hemorrhage suitable for cryopexy was one in which the blood did not settle inferiorly despite double patching and elevation of the patient’s head – maneuvers to enhance settling to make the retina visible for laser treatment. Preoperative visual acuity ranged between light perception and finger counting. In 17 of the 27 eyes, a rubeosis iridis grade II–IV was present.
Thromboembolic Disorders Of The Eye
Published in Hau C. Kwaan, Meyer M. Samama, Clinical Thrombosis, 2019
Late complications include hemorrhagic glaucoma, which may take place 2 to 5 months after the onset of illness and has an incidence rate of about 20%. This manifests as marked hyperemic changes in the iris vessels with the appearance of rubeosis iridis.12 Other complications are also the result of the neovascularization, such as recurrent bleeding from these newly formed and fragile vessels.
Secondary enucleated retinoblastoma with MYCN amplification
Published in Ophthalmic Genetics, 2021
Alexandre P. Moulin, Christina Stathopoulos, Fabienne Marcelli, Jacqueline Schoumans Pouw, Maja Beck-Popovic, Francis L. Munier
Microscopically, the retina was diffusely infiltrated by a poorly differentiated retinoblastoma with extensive exophytic growth. The retinoblastoma cells contained enlarged angulated nuclei with occasional prominent nucleoli. Severe anaplasia was only focally observed. The retinoblastoma circumferentially extended from the superior ciliary body, with local invasion of the iris root and the angle, to the inferior equatorial choroid. The ciliochoroidal invasion measured 36 mm. Posteriorly, the tumor infiltrated the optic nerve, extending beyond the lamina cribosa (611 µm) with a total optic nerve involvement of 1.25 mm. Tumor cells also invaded the prehyaloid space, the vitreous, the posterior and anterior chambers. A superior scleral canal was also infiltrated, showing perineural invasion without extraocular spread. There was no Azzopardi phenomenon and no intratumoural endothelial cell proliferation. In the centre of the globe, partially preserved gliotic retina alternated with calcification foci and areas of necrosis. Anteriorly, there was rubeosis iridis with a closed angle.
Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Potential Biomarker of Neovascular Glaucoma
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2021
Aiping Zhang, Li Ning, Jianping Han, Yi Ma, Yingbo Ma, Wenjun Cao, Xinghuai Sun, Shengjie Li
Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is a potentially blinding secondary glaucoma which resultes from tissue ischemia/hypoxia, and most commonly associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinal vascular occlusive diseases (RVO).1Twenty-two percent of Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients develop NVG, mostly bilaterally. Around 40–50% of patients with ischemic retinal venous occlusion will suffer from NVG and 80% of those cases occur within 6–8 months, and most frequently in the first 1.5–2 months.1–3 NVG can be divided into three stages according to its histological basis and clinical characteristics, including rubeosis iridis, NVG with open angle, and NVG with angle closure. Rubeosis iridis is the principal sign of ocular ischemia. If treated in a timely and appropriate manner at this stage, iris neovascular will regress and the neovascularization process will be halted without further visual function loss. Rubeosis iridis, a key stage in halting the development of NVG is often subtle and difficult for the clinician to diagnose at an early stage. It requires a high index of suspicion. There is also a lack of useful biomarkers.1Once the condition has advanced to the second or third stage, a dysfunction of angle drainage has occurred and becomes irreversible.2
Iris vessel dilation and hyphema due to forceps trauma in a newborn
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2019
Alexandra Tantou, Maria Kotoula, Petros Koltsidopoulos, Evangelia Tsironi, Eleni Papageorgiou
A 3.1 kg female infant was born at 39 weeks of gestation after an uncomplicated pregnancy. During a vaginal delivery, forceps assistance was required due to suboptimal cardiotocography. All prenatal check-ups had been unremarkable. A routine screening examination at birth revealed an upper eyelid swelling, ecchymosis and an abnormal red reflex of the left eye (LE). An ophthalmological examination showed bilateral dilated iris vessels through the iris stroma and at the pupillary margin, similar to a typical rubeosis iridis (Figure 1(A,B)). Additionally, on the LE there was a hyphema in the pupillary area and a faint subconjunctival haemorrhage, medially (Figure 1(B)). No fundus details were visible on a dilated examination of the LE. The funduscopy of the right eye (RE) was normal. The intraocular pressure was normal in both eyes and the corneas were clear, with no Descemet’s membrane rupture. A- and B-scan ultrasounds were unremarkable on both of the eyes. A full blood count and a clotting screen in the infant and mother were normal. The clinical findings were compatible with a traumatic forceps injury causing bilateral iris vasculature dilation and hyphema. Prednisolone acetate 1% was started three times daily on both eyes. At the follow-up visit 4 d later, the hyphema on the LE had decreased and congested iris vessels were still noted, bilaterally. The steroids were tapered during the next 2 weeks. At 1 month all ocular findings had resolved.