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Screening Programs
Published in Ching-Yu Cheng, Tien Yin Wong, Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2022
Jakob Grauslund, Malin Lundberg Rasmussen
According to the American Academy of Pediatrics and UK Retinopathy of Prematurity Guidelines, infants with a birth weight equal to or less than 1500 g or gestational age of 32 weeks (in the US 30 weeks) or less should be screened (18, 21). Also included in screenings are infants otherwise presumed at risk, e.g., infants with intrauterine growth inhibition.
How to master MCQs
Published in Chung Nen Chua, Li Wern Voon, Siddhartha Goel, Ophthalmology Fact Fixer, 2017
Risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are low birth weight (<1500g) and early gestational age (<31 weeks). ROP typically occurs 6 to 8 weeks after delivery and is estimated to occur in about 5% of all premature babies. Rush disease refers to rapid progression of ROP, whereas plus disease refers to the presence of vitreous cells and tortuous blood vessels. Threshold disease is defined as stage 3 ROP with 5 or more contiguous, or 8 or more interrupted, clock hours in the presence of plus disease in zone I or II. Increased kappa angle occurs in cicatricial stages of the disease, with dragged disc causing the fovea to be displaced laterally.
Paediatrics
Published in Dave Maudgil, Anthony Watkinson, The Essential Guide to the New FRCR Part 2A and Radiology Boards, 2017
Dave Maudgil, Anthony Watkinson
The following are causes of leukocoria in a child. True or false? Coat’s disease.Retinopathy of prematurity.Coloboma.Neuroblastoma.Dermoid.
Comprehensive Ocular Examination of Healthy Newborns in the Middle East
Published in Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2021
Syed M. A. Ali, Iviano Ossuetta, Annegret Dahlmann-Noor, Hari Jayaram, Igor Kozak
Premature babies are at risk of developing sight-threatening retinopathy of prematurity and screening guidelines have been established in the United Kingdom and the United States.3,4 Ocular problems in healthy full-term babies such as congenital cataract, glaucoma, strabismus, and retinoblastoma may result in severe visual impairment and also be associated with significant mortality. In the United Kingdom, the Newborn and Infant Physical Examination Screening Programme recommends screening for media opacities through an examination of the pupillary-red reflex as well as checking for the presence of squint and an assessment of visual behaviour by 6–8 weeks of age.5 The American Academy of Paediatrics recommends performing red-reflex screening and external inspection of the ocular structures in newborns and all subsequent visits, and an assessment of the fixation and follow response by 6 months of age.6
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Applications for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and Other Retinal Dystrophies
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2021
Tatiana Perepelkina, Anne B Fulton
The prevalence of retinal diseases causing severe vision loss is rising globally. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) affects one-third of people with diabetes (over 100 million and growing).16 Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world (estimated prevalence is 8.7% with the projected number in 2020 reaching 200 million).17 Glaucoma is the third most common blinding eye disease (affecting ~60 million people worldwide and with 3.2% prevalence).18,19 Retinopathy of prematurity remains a leading cause of childhood blindness.20 For these eye diseases, timely diagnosis is essential for optimal management, prevention of vision loss, and improved patient outcomes. Hence, automated screening was the first AI application for retinal diseases.
The Development of Ocular Biometric Parameters in Premature Infants without Retinopathy of Prematurity
Published in Current Eye Research, 2021
Jing Yang, Qian Wang, Conghui Li, Qiong Wu, Panpan Ma, Wei Xin
In recent years, survival rates for premature infants have markedly increased, and along with this improved survival, the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), refractive errors, and ocular anomalies has also risen.1–4 Some studies have shown that the risk of refractive errors, myopia, anisometropia, strabismus, and nystagmus is higher in preterm infants than in term infants.5–9 It has been shown that axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and lens thickness (LT) are potential factors that contribute to refractive errors in children born prematurely,10–12 with the anterior segment playing an important role in so-called myopia of prematurity.13–17 Therefore, it is very important to know the ocular biometric parameters in premature babies. There are not many studies about the ophthalmologic outcomes and problems of premature newborns in infancy and early childhood.18,19 The aim of this study was to understand the continuous alterations in the biometric components of AL, ACD, LT and vitreous length (VL), and their relationships with birth weight (BW) and postmenstrual age (PMA) in babies born prematurely before 40 weeks postmenstrual age.