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Hemianopsia (and Scotoma)
Published in Alexander R. Toftness, Incredible Consequences of Brain Injury, 2023
Hemianopsia (also spelled hemianopia) is a type of partial blindness that affects half of a person's vision. This partial blindness can be annoying, such as when this affects a person's ability to read, and it can be dangerous, when affecting a person's ability to navigate around objects or avoid falling over (Goodwin, 2014). There are several types of hemianopsia, and they all have long names that can take some getting used to.
Cortical Visual Loss
Published in Vivek Lal, A Clinical Approach to Neuro-Ophthalmic Disorders, 2023
Other problems that some patients with hemianopia note in daily life include problems with glare, dimness, less bright colors, and depth perception. Many feel insecure in busy environments, are afraid of falling, and are unhappy with perceived limits on their ability to travel (16).
Developmental Diseases of the Nervous System
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
James H. Tonsgard, Nikolas Mata-Machado
Glaucoma occurs in 30–70% of patients, with a bimodal occurrence, with the majority developing glaucoma in infancy and the remainder developing it in childhood or adult years. The mechanism is not clear. Hemianopsia is common due to ischemic brain injury.
The impact of low vision on activities, participation, and goals among older adults: a scoping review
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Debbie Boey, Tamara Tse, Yi hui Lim, Mei Leng Chan, Kerry Fitzmaurice, Leeanne Carey
Of the studies that addressed mobility, seven studies compared the walking performance of older adults with low vision with a control group, with six reporting statistically significant differences. Participants with AMD had slower gait speed [37] and poorer mobility [35]. Participants with hemianopia had poorer outcomes in the categories of Moving, Moving around different locations, and Using transportation [34]. Participants with hemianopia and with impairments in visual acuity had significantly lower outcomes in driving and the distant activity domain of the NEI-VFQ-25, which included mobility, compared to controls [30,34]. One study that did not identify a significant difference compared to controls in the categories of walking, moving around and moving around in different locations included participants with diabetic retinopathy [31]. Two longitudinal cohort studies investigated mobility in older adults with low vision. One study found that after five years of follow-up, individuals with low vision visual acuity had a greater risk of walking and stair climbing limitations than those without low vision [28]. In the other cohort study, those with visual impairment reported more mobility difficulties than the non-visually impaired at baseline, but the difference between the two groups declined at eight years which may be due to the loss of visually impaired participants at risk of developing mobility difficulties [27].
PRES secondary to autonomic dysreflexia: A case series and review of the literature
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2021
Molly E. Hubbard, Aaron A. Phillips, Rebecca Charbonneau, Jordan W. Squair, Ann M. Parr, Andrei Krassioukov
PRES can arise from multiple pathologic conditions such as eclampsia, cyclosporine after transplant, and with severe hypertension.6 It is characterized by sudden headache, seizure, and visual abnormalities. Brain MRI demonstrates hyperintensity on T2 and FLAIR MRI sequences.6,7 PRES was first described in 1996 in a review of 15 cases with diverse histories, consisting of solid organ transplant, eclampsia, and uremia with renal failure8 though interestingly it is not always reversible nor benign.9,14,16 Over the past two decades other clinical signs associated with PRES have been identified, including cortical blindness, hemianopsia, or blurred vision. Other reports describe diminished alertness, stupor, paucity of speech, memory impairments and vomiting. Some of these signs and symptoms such as headaches, diminished alertness, stupor and memory impairments overlap with AD which also adds to the challenge of making an accurate diagnosis in SCI patients. Radiological signs of PRES are rarely seen in the anterior circulation.7 AD-associated PRES is a more complex syndrome than AD alone and is believed to be the result of impaired cerebral vascular autoregulation.27 Blurred vision was the most common visual symptom, followed by hemianopsia and cortical blindness. Imaging revealed T2 hyperintensities on MRI and hypodensities on CT scans in the posterior circulation. In our cases, AD was caused by UTIs and had lower BP than found in a typical hypertensive emergency.
Pituitary metastasis from renal cell carcinoma: case report and review of the literature
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2021
Bin Li, Jian-Hua Cheng, Hai-Bo Zhu, Chu-Zhong Li, Ya-Zhuo Zhang, Peng Zhao
Ophthalmological examination revealed bitemporal hemianopsia and reduced visual acuity (naked vision is 0.8 and 0.4 in the right and left eyes, respectively). In the follow-up, the patient underwent staging examinations. Endocrine examination results are showed in Table 1. Brain computed tomography (CT) showed a tumor of the sellar region with suprasellar extension compressing the optic chiasm and eroding the sellar floor (Figure 1), which was considered pituitary adenoma. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that the sellar was enlarged (Figure 2), the sellar bottom was sunken, the pituitary stalk was not clear, and the chiasm was uplifted. The tumor is imaged as same intensity as cerebral cortex in T1-weighted MRI images and a slightly longer T2 signal, measuring 23 × 28 × 34 mm in diameter. Brain magnetic resonance enhanced scans showed significant enhancement of under-homogeneity (Figure 3). It may be indicated pituitary adenoma.