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Refractive Errors, Myopia, and Presbyopia
Published in Ching-Yu Cheng, Tien Yin Wong, Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2022
Ka Wai Kam, Chi Pui Pang, Jason C. S. Yam
The definition of pathologic myopia has not been standardized for early studies. In 2015, the META-analysis for Pathologic Myopia (META-PM) study group proposed a classification.60 Pathologic myopia was defined as myopic chorioretinal atrophy – either equal to or more serious than diffuse atrophy – and/or the presence of posterior staphylomas.61 In China, the Beijing Eye Study showed a prevalence of pathologic myopia of 3.1% among 4,319 Chinese subjects over 40 years.62 The Handan Eye Study showed a much lower rate of 0.9% among 6,603 Chinese subjects over 30 years.30 Beijing is an urbanized city and Handan is more rural. Notably, both studies defined pathological myopia as myopic chorioretinal atrophy, staphyloma, lacquer cracks, or Fuchs spot. In Taiwan, the Shihpai Eye Study reported a prevalence of myopic maculopathy with posterior staphyloma at 3% among 1,058 adults over 65 years.63 In Japan, the Hisayama study reported a prevalence of pathological myopia at 1.7% among 1,892 adults aged 40 years and older.64 The Central India Eye and Medical Study reported a prevalence of 0.2% among 4,561 adults aged 30 years and older.65 For Australian whites, the BMES reported a prevalence of 1.2% among 3,583 adults aged 49 years and older.66 There is no obvious regional or ethnic discrimination in the occurrence of pathologic myopia.
Posterior segment conditions associated with myopia and high myopia
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2020
Divya Jagadeesh, Krupa Philip, Cathleen Fedtke, Monica Jong, Angelica Ly, Padmaja Sankaridurg
As the myopic CNV regresses, it forms a pigmented greyish‐white fibrous scar without exudation termed as Fuchs spot or Foster Fuchs retinal spot (Figure 5D).2015 The appearance of Fuchs spot is positively correlated with the severity of maculopathy from Category 0 to Category 4.2020 In highly myopic adults, the prevalence of Fuchs spot was moderate, with a study reporting 14.5-per cent prevalence in highly myopic adults.2016 The Handan study reported that Fuchs spot was less prevalent (14.3-per cent) when compared to other lesions such as staphyloma (86.9-per cent), chorioretinal atrophy (56-per cent) and lacquer crack (36.9-per cent).2011
Prevalence and Associations of Posterior Segment Manifestations in a Cohort of Egyptian Patients with Pathological Myopia
Published in Current Eye Research, 2019
Ayman G. Elnahry, Mohamed M. Khafagy, Soheir M. Esmat, Hassan A. Mortada
Fuchs’ spot (Figure 3e and 3h) was significantly associated with an older age (P = .002), more myopia (P = .003) and a longer axial length (P = .019). It was also significantly associated with PPA (P = .028), CNVM (P < .001), diffuse chorioretinal atrophy (P = .004), patchy chorioretinal atrophy (P = .012) and foveoschisis (P < .001).