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Macular Degeneration/ Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), led by NIH's National Eye Institute, showed that daily high doses of vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, and the minerals zinc and copper, called the AREDS formulation, can help slow the progression to advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a blinding eye disease.5,6 The AREDS2 formula, together with lutein and zeaxanthin, may help slow or stop AMD. The following daily supplementation is recommended based on AREDS and AREDS2 research: 500 mg of vitamin C400 international units of vitamin E80 mg zinc as zinc oxide2 mg copper as cupric oxide10 mg lutein and 2 mg zeaxanthin3
Macular disorders
Published in Thomas H. Williamson, Vitreoretinal Disorders in Primary Care, 2017
This risk of progression has been shown by the AREDS to be reduced by taking a cocktail of high-dose vitamins (commercially available in combination preparations) with 500 mg vitamin C, 400 IU vitamin E, 15 mg beta-carotene (to be avoided by smokers or ex-smokers of less than 10 years because of an increased risk of lung carcinoma), 80 mg zinc, as zinc oxide, and 2 mg copper, as cupric oxide.80 This cocktail may reduce the chance of advancement in patients with high-risk characteristics by approximately 30%.
Integrative Nutrition Supplements
Published in Mary J. Marian, Gerard E. Mullin, Integrating Nutrition Into Practice, 2017
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults. Several epidemiological studies have shown a correlation between vitamin C, as well as other antioxidants, and lower rates of AMD; however, other studies have not demonstrated this correlation. While there is insufficient evidence to support vitamin C supplementation to prevent the development of AMD, some studies suggest that antioxidant supplementation slows the progression of the disease. In the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), participants with intermediate AMD had a 28% lower rate of progression to advanced AMD when supplemented with high-dose antioxidants, including 500 mg of vitamin C (AREDS Research Group, 2001).
Tutorial on Biostatistics: Receiver-Operating Characteristic (ROC) Analysis for Correlated Eye Data
Published in Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2022
Gui-Shuang Ying, Maureen G. Maguire, Robert J. Glynn, Bernard Rosner
The Age-related Eye disease Study (AREDS) is a multicenter study of the clinical course, prognosis, and risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataract.23 The study included a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of treatment with high-dose antioxidant vitamins and/or zinc on the incidence of advanced AMD and vision loss. During the study, the AREDS study group developed a nine-step AREDS severity scale for AMD to predict its progression to advanced AMD.24 This eye-specific nine-step severity scale was determined based on the drusen area and pigmentary abnormalities of the retina. Higher scores on the severity scale were found to be strongly associated with increased risk of progression to advanced AMD in the AREDS Study.24
The Potential Role of Dietary Antioxidant Capacity in Preventing Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2019
Sedat Arslan, Sibel Kadayifçilar, Gülhan Samur
Nutrition plays a vital role in sustaining a healthy life. Researchers with the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) reported in 2001 that a nutritional supplement called AREDS formulation can reduce the risk of developing advanced AMD. The original AREDS formulation contained vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, zinc, and copper (3). A subsequent study completed in 2012, AREDS-2, showed that removing beta-carotene and decreasing the zinc level in the formulation did not exacerbate the AMD progression rate. The study also showed that incorporating beta-carotene in a group of past smokers (who quit at least a year ago) led to a substantially high rate of lung cancer development. Hence, the researchers introduced carotenoids, namely, lutein and zeaxanthin, as substitutes to beta-carotene in the new formulation. Although lutein and zeaxanthin did not further decrease the risk of AMD progression, they were found to be safer and appropriate, especially for former smokers to mitigate the incidence of lung cancer (4).
The Role of mf-ERG in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Electrophysiological Features of AMD
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2018
Marilita M. Moschos, Eirini Nitoda
The indications of antioxidant supplements involve the presence of extensive, medium-sized drusen (63–124 mm) or at least one large drusen (125 mm), of paracentral geographic atrophy or advanced lesions in at least one eye.6 The AREDS study argued that the daily consumption of zinc (80 mg), copper (2 mg), and antioxidants (Vitamin C: 500 mg; vitamin E: 400 IU; beta-carotene: 15 mg) reduces the risk of developing advanced AMD lesions, while their combination protects against even moderate vision loss.6 Taking into account that vitamin A and beta-carotene have been associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular disease and lung cancer—especially in smokers and workers exposed to asbestos—the use of nutritional supplements should be prescribed with caution.7 The CARMIS (Carotenoids in Age-related Maculopathy Italian Study) indicated that the daily intake of dietary supplements containing vitamin C (180 mg), vitamin E (30 mg), zinc (22.5 mg), copper (1 mg), lutein (10 mg), zeaxanthin (1 mg), and astaxanthin (4 mg), for at least 12 months, can stabilize and improve visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and visual function.8 Moreover, patients with AMD should further adjust everyday diet and lifestyle, eliminating smoking, alcohol, high consumption of meat and monounsaturated fatty acids, and obesity.