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Respiratory Disease
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Ian Pavord, Nayia Petousi, Nick Talbot
An insidious onset of progressive breathlessness that may continue even after exposure to silica dust has ceased. Concomitant TB is common because silicosis predisposes to this infection. If there has been an acute and intense exposure to silicon dioxide, there may be a rapid onset of breathlessness, cough and sputum (acute silicosis).
Roller Compaction Technology
Published in Dilip M. Parikh, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Granulation Technology, 2021
Ronald W. Miller, Vishwas Nesarikar
The API physical property characteristics, cohesive/adhesive, particle size and distribution, low density—typically less than 0.4 g/cc—and morphology are the keys to determine if the API powder property behavior is a good or bad actor. Generally, if the API powder has poor powder properties, then more or very specific excipients are needed to enhance powder flow to assist roller compaction processing. Typical pharmaceutical excipient selections for roller compaction formulations are cited here. Specific ingredients and concentrations vary depending on the aforementioned drug product release discussion. Useful formulation starting points are noted here.Filler/diluents/binders—microcrystalline cellulose, mannitol, corn starch, povidone, tribasic calcium phosphate, lactose, HPC, HPMC ~10% to 90%.Disintegrants—sodium starch glycolate, (all; half intra and half extra), ~ 1% to 1.5%.Lubricants—magnesium stearate, PEGs, SSF, stearic acid, calcium stearate ~1%.Glidants—colloidal silicon dioxide ~ 0.5%.Surfactant—sodium lauryl sulfate ~ less than 0.5%.
Hollow Microneedles
Published in Boris Stoeber, Raja K Sivamani, Howard I. Maibach, Microneedling in Clinical Practice, 2020
Takei et al. (35) used resin to integrate a silicon dioxide microneedle device, formed on silicon substrate, to a flexible tube connected to a syringe. The setup was then used to deliver DI water to a rat model using a pressure of about 40 kPa.
Effect of roll compaction pressure on the properties of high drug-loaded piracetam granules and tablets
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2022
Piracetam substance (CAS No.: 7491-74-9; MW 142.16 g/mol; purity 99.9%) was purchased from Yangzhou Pharmaceutical Co Ltd. (Yangzhou, PR China). Povidone (Kollidon® 30) has been used as a dry binder and was kindly provided by BASF SE (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel® PH-101) and croscarmellose sodium (Ac-Di-Sol®; FMC Corporation, Philadelphia, PA, USA) were used as tablet filler and disintegrant, respectively. Colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil® 200 Pharma) was provided by Evonik AG (Darmstadt, Germany) and magnesium stearate gifted by Sudeep Pharma Pvt. Ltd. (Nandesari, Gujarat, India) was used as glidant and lubricant, respectively. Opadry® II which is the premix of hypromellose, macrogol 4000, lactose, triacetin and iron oxide yellow was provided by Colorcon (Dartford, UK). Chemicals used for the preparation of dissolution media were of Pharmacopeia grade and used as received.
Microstructure and Chemical Analysis in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome
Published in Current Eye Research, 2021
PES material has been detected in the lung, liver, kidney, cerebral meninges, gallbladder, and heart in addition to intraocular sites.15 A previous study shows the PES material may be a factor in the development of obstructive pulmonary diseases in the early phase and expiratory early phase of respiratory function tests.30 Among the inorganic powders, silica is a cheap and easily accessible mineral made up of silicon dioxide (SiO2) molecules, which is the compound of the two most abundant elements in the Earth and shows fibrogenic properties. Especially in the lungs, its exposure can lead to silicosis disease, which can result in irreversible damage due to fibrosis.31 In addition, it was reported that the eyes are also affected in patients with silicosis.32 In this study, the higher Si ratios in PES group compared with control group can be attributed to the fibrogenic effect of PES and poorer lung function tests in the PES group. Previous studies have reported the formation mechanism of PES materials with a transmission electron microscope images.33,34 It can be considered that this PES material also acts as a core and causes the precipitation of elements such as Ca, K, and Al, with the exception of trace elements that play a role in oxidant/antioxidant pathways.
Improving solubility and oral bioavailability of a novel antimalarial prodrug: comparing spray-dried dispersions with self-emulsifying drug delivery systems
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2020
Suresh Potharaju, Shravan Kumar Mutyam, Mingtao Liu, Carol Green, Lisa Frueh, Aaron Nilsen, Sovitj Pou, Rolf Winter, Michael K. Riscoe, Gita Shankar
SDD technology can be applied to structurally diverse molecules with a wide range of physicochemical properties. For the SDDs reported in this study, a polymeric excipient, polyvinyl caprolactam-polyvinyl acetate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer (also known as Soluplus®) was used as a carrier matrix. This copolymer is also known for its solubilizing action. Homayouni et al. and Ha et al. have shown that SDDs prepared using Soluplus® improved dissolution rate as well as increased plasma levels for the poorly soluble drugs Celecoxib (Homayouni et al. 2015) and Atorvastatin calcium (Ha et al. 2014). Silicon dioxide (Aeroperl® 300 Pharma) is highly porous adsorbent with large surface area; and has silanol groups that may be able to form hydrogen bonds with drug molecules during spray drying process. This may help in faster drug dissolution and improved wettability of the drug particles (Chauhan et al. 2005).