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Prostate cancer
Published in Anju Sahdev, Sarah J. Vinnicombe, Husband & Reznek's Imaging in Oncology, 2020
Jurgen J Fütterer, Fillip Kossov, Henkjan Huisman
Prostate adenocarcinoma is characterized by its clinical stage, histological grade and PSA level (10). As previously described, the TNM staging system is the most widely applied staging system for prostate cancer (Figure 17.1, Table 17.1). Stage T1a and T1b tumours are not identified by digital rectal examination. They are found incidentally during transurethral resection or prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia. These tumours are generally referred to as ‘incidental carcinomas’ and found in 8%–12% of patients undergoing surgery for benign disease (19,20).
Prostate Neoplasms
Published in Victor A. Bernstam, Pocket Guide to GENE LEVEL DIAGNOSTICS in Clinical Practice, 2019
Even metastasized diploid tumors grow slowly and are unlikely to kill the patient. Ploidy pattern, therefore, cannot serve as an index of metastasizing potential of prostate adenocarcinoma, but rather may reflect the rate of tumor progression.
MRI Imaging of Seminal Vesicle Invasion (SVI) in Prostate Adenocarcinoma
Published in Ayman El-Baz, Gyan Pareek, Jasjit S. Suri, Prostate Cancer Imaging, 2018
Samuel A. Gold, Graham R. Hale, Kareem N. Rayn, Vladimir Valera, Jonathan B. Bloom, Peter A. Pinto
Prostate cancer (PCa) is an adenocarcinoma of prostate glandular tissue that is most often localized to the prostate. Rather than a solitary primary tumor focus, PCa is typically multifocal; it is estimated that nearly 80% of PCa cases have more than one tumor located within the prostate [1,2]. Generally, the prostate contains a dominant lesion demonstrating high oncologic activity as is evidenced by its increased size and higher grade. This lesion is termed the “index lesion” and according to contemporary thinking, represents the oncologic engine driving malignant growth [3,4]. The other lesions comprising the multifocal character of this cancer are termed “satellite lesions.” They are often smaller, less active tumors located discontinuously throughout the prostate, which makes detection of satellite lesions especially challenging both preoperatively on imaging and biopsy, and postoperatively on final pathologic investigation [5]. Therefore, it is possible that rates of multifocal prostate adenocarcinoma are even higher than currently reported.
Prostate cancer in the Arab world: Bibliometric review and research priority recommendations
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2022
Adel Hajj Ali, Hussein Awada, Hasan Nassereldine, Mohammad Zeineddine, Zahy Abdul Sater, Albert El-Hajj, Deborah Mukherji
A comprehensive search of all prostate cancer publications was carried on PubMed, Medline, and Scopus up to January 2021. A Boolean operator (AND, OR, and NOT) in addition to [ad] was used to conduct the search. The terms used in the search included ‘prostate cancer’, ‘prostate carcinoma’, ‘PSA’, ‘prostate adenocarcinoma’, ‘prostate metastasis’, ‘prostate oncology’, ‘prostate neoplasm’, ‘prostate neoplasm’, ‘prostate malignancy’, ‘prostate nodule’, ‘prostatectomy’, ‘Gleason score’, and ‘prostate biopsy’. The articles were chosen according to the following eligibility criteria: articles published between 2000 and 2020, articles that include at least one author affiliated to an academic institute or research facility in the 22 Arab countries listed below, and the article should be discussing any topic pertaining to prostate cancer. We then reviewed articles to select the appropriate match, remove any duplicates, and identify the funding status, presence or absence of a female author, study design, type of publication, number of citations, each author’s country, and the paper’s research question. Gender-neutral author’s names were hand-searched for accuracy.
Synchronous development of prostate sarcoma and squamous cell carcinoma following radiotherapy
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2022
Vihitha Thota, Keerthy Joseph, Sudheer Konduru, Manaswitha Thota, Eugene J. Choi
Clinical advancements in cancer treatments have revolutionized the field of oncology in recent decades, resulting in improved outcomes and longer survival times. A primary treatment option for localized prostate cancer is brachytherapy,1 a form of radiation therapy that involves the implantation of radioactive seeds into the prostate with radiation emitted over several months; this enhances the therapeutic ratio by allowing a higher radiation concentration in cancer cells.2 With the increased utilization of radiation therapy, the incidence of associated complications has risen, including radiation-induced malignancies such as prostate sarcomas and squamous cell carcinomas,3 particularly in patients treated with radiation therapy for prostate adenocarcinoma. Both prostate sarcoma and prostate squamous cell carcinoma are rare malignancies on their own; their coexistence in the same individual has not yet been reported. We present the unique case of interval diagnosis of both prostate sarcoma and prostate squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with a remote history of prostate adenocarcinoma.
Survival following palliative percutaneous nephrostomy tube insertion in patients with malignant ureteric obstruction: Validating a prognostic model
Published in Progress in Palliative Care, 2022
Ben Gunawan, Karyn Foster, Janet Hardy, Phillip Good
We were unable to validate the prognostic model proposed by Alawneh et al in view of the small number of patients included. Specifically, we could not identify any significant association between number of risk factors (i.e. prognostic group) and mortality risk using Alawneh’s variables. Furthermore, we could not identify any combination of variables resulting in a statistically significant difference in hazard ratio on multivariate analysis. The only variable predictive of increased mortality with PCN was pre-nephrostomy haemoglobin of <100 g/L, which increased risk of death by 2.6 times (p = 0.037). Other authors1,2,4 did not identify any association between pre-PCN haemoglobin and mortality in their respective studies. This is not a physiologically unexpected finding, as anaemia can diminish physiological reserve, reduce performance status and affect tolerance to anti-cancer therapy. It has been previously established as a negative prognostic factor in a number of malignancies,14 in particular prostate adenocarcinoma,15 which comprised 40% of malignancy in our population.