China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Non-traumatic neurological conditions in medico-legal work
Published in Helen Whitwell, Christopher Milroy, Daniel du Plessis, Forensic Neuropathology, 2021
A detailed description of tumours of the CNS is out with the scope of this book and the interested reader is referred to recent specialist accounts (Louis et al.). However, CNS tumours may be encountered at post-mortem examination, and the role of brain neoplasms as a cause of sudden death has been reviewed (Matschke and Tsokos 2005; Tsokos 2004). The tumours may be either primary or secondary; metastatic tumours to the CNS are common, whereas primary intrinsic tumours are rare. The epithelial tumours that metastasise most commonly to the nervous system are of the bronchus and breast, followed by melanoma (Delattre et al. 1988). In general, prostatic and female genital tract tumours rarely metastasise to the brain or meninges, although prostatic carcinomas do frequently cause neurological complications secondary to cord compression after vertebral body metastasis and collapse. Diffuse infiltration of the leptomeninges (malignant meningitis/meningeal carcinomatosis) may be seen with haematological malignancies (lymphoma and leukaemia) and epithelial malignancies such as breast and bronchial carcinomas.
Spinal Cord Disease
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Slow onset: Spondylosis.Syringomyelia.Tethered cord syndrome.Radiation myelopathy.Meningeal carcinomatosis.
Neurology
Published in Fazal-I-Akbar Danish, Essential Lists of Differential Diagnoses for MRCP with diagnostic hints, 2017
Low CSF glucose (with normal plasma glucose):1 Meningeal irritation: a Meningitis (bacterial/tuberculous).b Meningeal carcinomatosis.c Subarachnoid haemorrhage.
Contemporary review of the causes and differential diagnosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2020
Meningeal carcinomatosis is defined as the diffuse infiltration of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space by malignant cells metastasising from neoplasm such as lung cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, and so on (Olson, Chernik, and Posner 1974). It generally elicits multiple neurologic deficits from more than one anatomic site, manifesting as progressive bilateral hearing loss if both ears are affected (Civantos, Choi, and Applebaum 1992).
Research progress in strategies to improve the efficacy and safety of doxorubicin for cancer chemotherapy
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2021
Muhammad Sohail, Zheng Sun, Yanli Li, Xuejing Gu, Hui Xu
Human brain capillary endothelial cells were used to assess the efficiency (uptake and affinity) of 2B3-101 in vitro [81]. The uptake of the 2B3-101 system is dependent on concentration, temperature, and time. The existence of glutathione increased the 2B3-101 system’s efficacy, increasing DOX delivery efficacy. Meningeal carcinomatosis is another condition for which the 2B3-101 system is being investigated. (NCT01818713) [83].
Mechanical filtration of the cerebrospinal fluid: procedures, systems, and applications
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Approximately 3–5% of the patients with cancer develop leptomeningeal metastases, known as meningeal carcinomatosis (MC) or leptomeningeal metastases (LM). As increasing numbers of patients with cancer survive longer and our diagnostic imaging improves, MC is being diagnosed more frequently, with a median survival of 4–6 weeks without treatment. LM presents a difficult challenge in metastatic cancer treatment plans because of the lack of effective access and therapies. Current treatment involves radiation of the entire neuraxis or specifically to those sites of bulk disease seen on imaging. Systemic therapy with anticancer drugs including methotrexate cytarabine and thiotepa is not effective enough in MC/LM due to poor penetration of the BBB. IT chemotherapy is designed to treat tumor cells in the CSF, preventing the development of new symptomatic sites of disease. IT drugs, such as methotrexate, thiotepa, cytarabine, or topotecan, are typically infused through a ventricular reservoir and depend on passive diffusion for distribution [20]. Although no randomized trial has demonstrated that boluses of IT chemotherapy prolong survival in LM patients, IT pharmacotherapy is used by most physicians treating LM. Using IT drug delivery systems, including Ommaya reservoirs, has been associated with longer overall survival; they rely on the passive diffusion of drugs to the CSF, and CNS toxicity may overcome efficacy. In this scenario of high toxicity and poor outcome, CSF filtration may pose a novel approach to rapidly clear the CSF of tumor cells and circulate tailored chemotherapeutic agents to enhance systemic treatment to reduce the high mortality of MC and extend survival. CSF filtration may also enhance the distribution of IT drugs and therefore further improve survival. An in vitro/in vivo investigation determined the potential applicability of CSF filtration as an adjunctive clinical approach to systemic chemotherapy and radiation, allowing for personalized treatment by disease severity [21].