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Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreatic Disease
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Hepatocellular carcinoma usually arises in a cirrhotic liver and may be solitary or multiple. Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma include a long history of cirrhosis, male sex, chronic infection with HBV or HCV, drugs (especially anabolic or contraceptive steroids), exposure to aflatoxin (a fungal metabolite found on mouldy ground nuts) and smoking. See HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AT A GLANCE.
Cancer
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Vaccination against HBV can prevent the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Preventing cirrhosis of the liver is important by treating alcoholism, detecting hemochromatosis early, or treating chronic hepatitis C. Hepatocellular carcinoma is usually not detected early in its development. For a person with long-term cirrhosis, various tests for liver cancer are recommended. Physicians also recommend screening with AFP blood tests and ultrasonography every 6 months for high-risk patients.
Viral hepatitis in pregnancy
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
When you acquire hepatitis B as an adult, you have a 90% to 95% chance of clearing this virus (resolved hepatitis B infection). But when you acquire this as an infant, you have only a 5% to 10% chance of clearing this virus, that is, most of the infants will be chronic carriers of hepatitis B, with its disease-related morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it makes sense for us to intervene to decrease the rate of perinatal and childhood infection. Taiwan has implemented a mandatory hepatitis B vaccination program 20 years ago, with a significant impact on perinatal, childhood, and adolescent infection. Chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma attributed to hepatitis B have decreased since implementation [4].
Increased Risk of Hypertension in Alcohol Use Disorder of alcohol-related Liver disease-A Hospital Based Case Control Study
Published in Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 2023
Prabhudas Nelaturi, Sangeetha P Kademani, Vithiavathi Siva Subramanian, Sambandam Ravikumar
Inclusion criteria comprise participants of age group >18 years with completed questionnaires. The chronic alcohol-related liver disease patients with variations in blood pressure were enrolled in the study. Patients suffering from clinical symptoms such as ascites, encephalopathy, jaundice, splenomegaly, kidney-related diseases, autoimmune hepatitis, and altered liver profile levels were included in the study. The patients with positive serological markers for hepatitis B or C virus and alcohol intake were included in the study. Exclusion criteria comprise the history of (i) cancer, (ii) diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and/or liver-related hospitalization, (iii) diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and/or CVD-related hospitalization and (iv) medical treatment with hepatotoxic drugs.
Development and optimization of curcumin analog nano-bilosomes using 21.31 full factorial design for anti-tumor profiles improvement in human hepatocellular carcinoma: in-vitro evaluation, in-vivo safety assay
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Haidy Abbas, Yasmin A. El-Feky, Majid Mohammad Al-Sawahli, Nehal M. EL-Deeb, Hala Bakr El-Nassan, Mariam Zewail
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary liver malignancy, which is responsible for about 75–85% of primary liver cancers. It can be ranked as the sixth most widespread cancer and the second major cause of cancer-related deaths around the world (Rashed et al., 2020). Although numerous trials were adopted for preventing, assaying techniques, and new technologies in both diagnosis and treatment, the mortality rates continue to rise. The highest incidence rates may be attributed to the greater prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection, which greatly increases hepatocellular carcinoma risk (Abudeif, 2019; Rashed et al., 2020). Liver cancer is often poorly responsive to chemotherapeutic treatment and prone to the development of drug resistance (Abudeif, 2019) necessitating a continued search for safer and more effective alternatives.
LAG-3 is a promising inhibitory immune checkpoint for antitumor immunotherapy
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2022
Jin Tian, Yang Liu, TengLong Zhang, Lu Yue, YaNan Xiao, ChengYe Guo
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific T-cells are crucial for the control of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, little is known about whether LAG-3 regulates the function of HBV-specific CD8 + T cells during HCC. Interestingly, LAG-3 expression is significantly upregulated in HBV-specific CD8+ TILs, relative to that in circulating CD8 + T cells and associated with severe functional defects in HBV-specific CD8+ TILs in HCC patients [49]. Similarly, high levels of LAG-3 expression were detected in CD4+ and CD8+ TILs from 59 HCC tissues, compared with their non-tumor liver tissues and circulating blood samples, while LAG-3 ligands were detected on DCs, monocytes, and B cells in HCC [50]. These results further support the notion that LAG-3 acts as a suppressor of HBV-specific T cell immunity, contributing to the development of HCC [50].