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Scutellaria Species and Cancer Research
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Samantha H. Sherman, Lani Irvin, Prahlad Parajuli, Nirmal Joshee
Another compound, scutellarein, demonstrated significant suppression of human fibrosarcoma cells (HT1080) by inducing apoptosis, while in in vivo experiments using Balb/c mice exhibited a decrease in tumor size and volume. Furthermore, scutellarein showed anti-metastatic activity as depicted by reduced migration and invasion of HT1080 cells, besides suppression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, -9 and -14 (Shi et al., 2015).
Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals from Fish and Their Activities
Published in Ramasamy Santhanam, Santhanam Ramesh, Subramanian Nivedhitha, Subbiah Balasundari, Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals from Fish and Fish Wastes, 2022
Ramasamy Santhanam, Santhanam Ramesh, Subramanian Nivedhitha, Subbiah Balasundari
Anticancer activity: At a concentration of 2.5 µg/mL, the Epi-1 has been reported to show anticancer activity by suppressing the proliferation of U937 cells through apoptosis. Further, this compound inhibited about 90% of the growth of A549, HeLa, and HT1080 cell lines.
Advances in Genome Editing
Published in Yashwant Pathak, Gene Delivery, 2022
Different approaches in nanostructures are investigated by various researchers for genome editing for varied purpose. Recently, Bi-functionalized aminoguanidine-PEGylated periodic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles were investigated for intracellular delivery of the Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoprotein complex. Gene-editing was observed with an efficiency of about 40 percent as measured by GFP gene knockdown of HT1080-GFP cells, with no notable change in the morphology of the cells (Salekdeh et al., 2021). In another study, biomimetic cancer cell coated zeolitic imidazolate frameworks were reported for genome editing carrying CRISPR-Cas9. Incubation of C3-ZIFMCF with MCF-7, HeLa, HDFn, and aTC cell lines showed the highest uptake by MCF-7 cells and negligible uptake by the healthy cells. A three-fold repression in the enhanced green fluorescent protein expression was observed (Alyami et al., 2020). CRISPR-Cas12a based nucleic acid amplification-free fluorescent biosensor was developed to detect cfDNA by a metal-enhanced fluorescence using DNA-functionalized Au nanoparticle to detect breast cancer gene-1 with very high sensitivity in 30 minutes (Choi et al., 2021).
Potential contrasting effects of platelets on the migration and invasion of sarcomas versus carcinomas
Published in Platelets, 2021
Jinsoo Yoon, Christopher R. Parish, Anneke C. Blackburn, Lucy A. Coupland
In response to platelet exposure, HT1080 fibrosarcoma significantly upregulated 11 genes and downregulated 2 genes. The most dramatic change was the 28-fold increase in the tumor suppressor gene, TRAIL (also known as TNFSF10), encoding the tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand [23]. In contrast, exposure of MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma to platelets resulted in the upregulation of 44 genes with no genes downregulated, the most dramatic change being the 37-fold upregulation of MMP2 (Figure 5a, Suppl Tables 1 and 2). MMP2 is capable of degrading type IV collagen, one of the most prevalent basement membrane proteins, promotes lymphangiogenesis and activates TGFβ through proteolytic cleavage to promote EMT in cancer cells, thus, is associated with poor outcomes in many cancers including breast cancer [24–26]. The overall genetic response of the two cell lines to platelet exposure is summarized in Figure 5b, the fold change in mRNA transcripts of EMT promotor or suppressor-, and metastasis promoter or suppressor-genes being quantified, combined and then compared between the two cell lines (Figure 5b). Presentation of the data in this manner highlights how platelets upregulate the expression of genes involved in the promotion of metastasis in the MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma, whereas in the HT1080 fibrosarcoma the emphasis is on upregulation of genes that suppress metastasis.
Network pharmacology and experimental investigation of Rhizoma polygonati extract targeted kinase with herbzyme activity for potent drug delivery
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Yingqiu Xie, Chengling Mu, Bexultan Kazybay, Qinglei Sun, Aidana Kutzhanova, Guldan Nazarbek, Na Xu, Lazzat Nurtay, Qian Wang, Amr Amin, Xugang Li
HT-1080 cells were used for cell-based studies. HT-1080 cells are human cells originally derived from a 35-year-old White male patient with a disease of fibrosarcoma (ATCC, CCL-121, https://www.atcc.org/products/ccl-121). Cells were plated in 24 well plates with a density of 5000 cells/well for overnight followed by treatment with vehicle or agent and after 3–4 days cells were fixed and stained with crystal violet. Finally, cells were photographed and measured by optical density at 590 nm. The agents used for inhibition of differential signaling are olaparib (PARP inhibitor (i), PARPi (Sigma Aldrich), crizotinib (MET kinase inhibitor, METi, Sigma Aldrich), staurosporine (PKCi), SMI-4a (CAS 327033-36-3, Pim-1/2 inhibitor Pim-1/2i, Pimi, Santa Cruz), erlotinib Hydrochloride (EGFRi, Santa Cruz), rapamycin (mTORi), iCRT3 (β-catenin inhibitor) and verteporfin (CAS 129497-78-5, YAPi, Santa Cruz).
Antimetastatic Properties of Tea Polyphenols
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2020
Black tea polyphenol theaflavin was found to strongly suppress the ECM degradation (79) mediated by MMP-2 and MMP-9. In addition, it strongly suppressed the invasiveness of the HT1080 cells (79). In human melanoma cell line, A375, Sil et al. reported that theaflavin downregulated the gelatinolytic activity, mRNA, and protein expression of MMP-2 in a human melanoma cell line (80). MMP2 downregulation involved multiple regulatory molecules, e.g., by suppressing MT1-MMP and inducing the expression of tissue inhibitor of MMP-2 (TIMP-2) that regulates the action of MMP. In addition, theaflavin treatment inhibited the protein expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and ERK. EGFR and FAK are overexpressed and hyperactive in various human malignancies (81). Recently, it was reported that BTP could drastically reduce cell–fibronectin interaction (82).