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How Often Do You Think About Oral Health as an Essential Part of Wellness and a Healthy Lifestyle?
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Judith Haber, Erin Hartnett, Jessamin Cipollina
The HPV vaccine, Gardasil, is the first cancer-prevention vaccine. Created in 2006, and a second-generation in 2015, Gardasil 9, protects against HPV genotypes 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58. Findings from current studies suggest that Gardasil provides lifelong protection. To date, studies have followed HPV vaccine recipients for about 10 years; individuals demonstrate high rates of ongoing immunity (Stull et al., 2020; Walker et al., 2018). On June 12, 2020, the FDA approved the use of Gardasil 9 for prevention of oropharyngeal and head and neck cancer (FDA expands Gardasil 9, 2020).
Paper 3
Published in Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman, nMRCGP Applied Knowledge Test Study Guide, 2021
Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman
Gardasil® is a vaccine against the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), effective against subtypes 16 and 18 which cause 70% of cervical cancers, and against subtypes 6 and 11, which along with 16 and 18 cause 90% of cases of genital warts. It is most effective if given to girls before they become sexually active. A three-injection course over 6 months is given intramuscularly in the deltoid region.
Immunomodulatory Therapies
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
The FDA approval for Gardasil-9TM was based on four clinical trials, including the two Phase II trials and two Phase III trials, also known as FUTURE I and II. All four clinical studies were placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trials, and enrolled a total of 20,541 women between the ages of 16 and 26. It was found to be as effective as GardasilTM and almost 100% effective in preventing cervical, vulvar, and vaginal diseases caused by the five additional targeted HPV types 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58.
Quadrivalent human papilloma virus vaccine for the treatment of multiple warts: a retrospective analysis of 30 patients
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2019
Min-Young Yang, Jin-Hwa Son, Gun-Wook Kim, Hoon-Soo Kim, Hyun-Chang Ko, Moon-Bum Kim, Kyung-Min Lim, Byung-Soo Kim
Triple injection doses were scheduled (at baseline, 2 months, and 6 months), for which 0.5 ml each of recombinant quadrivalent HPV vaccine (Gardasil®) was injected into the triceps muscle of the patients. Follow-up evaluation of therapeutic response was performed 2 months after the final injection. Therapeutic responses of warts to quadrivalent HPV vaccine were classified into three groups (Complete response, Partial response, and No response). “Complete response” was defined as the cases with complete clearing of the wart lesions. “Partial response” was designated for cases with decreases in lesion number or size of warts, although the lesions remained visible 2 months after final injection. Recurrent cases with recurrence at the same location 2 months after final injection were also included as “Partial response” cases. Finally, “No response” was defined as cases with no change or increase in the lesion number or size of warts until 2 months after final injection. All patients were monitored for adverse reaction events for approximately 15 min after vaccination injection (11).
Message analyses about vaccines in the print press, television and radio: characteristics and gaps in previous research
Published in Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 2019
Daniel Catalan-Matamoros, Carlos-David Santamaria-Ochoa, Carmen Peñafiel-Saiz
Only five types of vaccines were analyzed: MMR, influenza, polio, smallpox and HPV. The majority of studies (17 of 27) analyzed messages about the HPV vaccine. The other vaccines were analyzed just once, except for MMR, which was analyzed in three studies. This represents another research gap in the field, since there are many other vaccines that have not been specifically analyzed, such as the following vaccine-preventable diseases among adults: hepatitis B, pneumococcal, shingles, tetanus and pertussis. This is consistent with the WHO statement about the low media attention surrounding some vaccine types [56,57]. This statement could also support the hypothesis about the dominance of the HPV vaccine research that we found in our review. Indeed, there is a sizeable body of literature on the HPV vaccine’s portrayal in the media. Chronic HPV infections are the leading cause of cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer. Gardasil, a vaccine directed against HPV, generated both positive and negative media and public attention. The public and health officers voiced doubts about its long-term safety and efficacy, and about that this vaccine was marketed despite it was implemented amongst unease about timing rushed approvals [10].
Mothers' willingness to pay for daughters' HPV vaccine in northern Vietnam
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2018
Ha Dinh Thu, Huong Nguyen Thanh, Thuy Hua Thanh, Le Nguyen Hai, Van Tran Thi, Tri Nguyen Manh, Anne Buvé
In Vietnam, two kinds of HPV vaccine, Cervarix and Gardasil, were introduced in 2011, but they are still not available on a routine use as are other vaccines in the National Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI, started in 1981, including vaccines against tetanus, diphtheria, hepatitis B, polio, measles, pertussis, and tuberculosis), which have had rather high coverage of over 80%. Our government currently recommends three doses of HPV vaccines for only girls and women from 9 to 26 years old. Women still have to order and pay for the vaccine themselves either at provincial health centers or private preventive facilities where it costs $120 or $195 for three doses for Cervarix or Gardasil, respectively (Hai Duong Provincial Medical Prevention Center, 2015). This is a high cost compared to the income per capita per year of around 1,759–1,850$ in the study sites. In 2011, Gardasil was offered at $5 per dose in Vietnam through school-based and facility-based approaches as a trial HPV vaccination campaign conducted by GAVI in two southern districts (Ninh Kieu and Binh Thuy, belongs to Can Tho province) and two central districts (Nong Cong and Quan Hoa, in Thanh Hoa province) (Levin et al., 2013). This program achieved a full coverage in intervention areas (>96%) which implied that, with a reasonable price and appropriate distribution channel, HPV vaccines could be well-accepted in Vietnam. Unfortunately, there has been no continuous action so far.