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Detection of Metastatic Tumor Cells in Bone Marrow
Published in Adrian P. Gee, BONE MARROW PROCESSING and PURGING, 2020
Autologous BMT has been used to treat Ewing’s Sarcoma.75 Bone marrow involvement, as identified by routine analysis, is known to exist in approximately 15% of these patients.76 Immunologic testing is not available, because there are no Ewing’s Sarcoma-specific antibodies. Most of the available antibodies also react with normal hematopoietic cells. Thus routine analysis remains the sole diagnostic test used to screen potential candidates.
Primary Bone Tumors
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Jeremy S. Whelan, Rob C. Pollock, Rachael E. Windsor, Mahbubl Ahmed
The discovery of a chromosomal translocation specific to Ewing sarcoma (t11;22) has provided important insights, particularly in identifying primitive neuro-ectodermal tumors which share this translocation as having a common lineage. These related diseases are now usefully referred to as the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors.
Primary bone tumours
Published in Anju Sahdev, Sarah J. Vinnicombe, Husband & Reznek's Imaging in Oncology, 2020
Jennifer N Murphy, Steven L J James, Murali Sundaram, A Mark Davies
Ewing sarcoma is a highly aggressive, malignant tumour of childhood and adolescence. It is characterized by the presence of small round cells of uncertain origin which do not produce a tumour matrix (1). Ewing sarcoma can occur in any bone but most commonly occurs in the proximal meta-diaphyseal region of long bones, with the femur most commonly involved (21%). The extremities, ribs, and pelvis account for approximately 86% of cases (55). It typically presents between the ages of 5 and 30 years and is the second most common malignant primary bone tumour of childhood and adolescence. It accounts for approximately 6%–8% of primary malignant bone tumours. Approximately 80% of cases occur before the age of 20 years (1). Males are more frequently affected than females (1.4:1) and it is much more common in the Caucasian population than other ethnic groups. Metastatic disease is present in 20%–30% of patients at presentation (56).
Efficacy of the VIT (vincristine, irinotecan and temozolomide) regimen in adults with metastatic Ewing sarcoma
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2023
Izzet Dogan, Ayca Iribas, Melin Aydan Ahmed, Mert Basaran
Ewing's sarcoma is a tumor that is more common in young people, often originating from bone and rarely from soft tissues. Although no specific risk factor has been identified in the development of Ewing sarcoma, some genetic mutations such as TP53, RET and PMS2 may predispose to the development of the disease [1]. Chromosomal translocations leading to the fusion of FET and ETS genes are detected in Ewing sarcoma; the most common is EWSR1–FLI1 (85%) [2]. Ewing sarcoma can originate from almost any bone area in the body, most commonly the pelvis, femur and ribs [3]. At the beginning of the disease, mass effect and intermittent pain often is present according to the location [4]. Metastatic disease, age, primary tumor site and tumor size were found to be factors affecting prognosis in patients with Ewing's sarcoma [5]. Local treatments are generally insufficient in disease control, so multimodal treatment approaches including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical treatments are the standard approach [6].
Bone tumors effective therapy through functionalized hydrogels: current developments and future expectations
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Ruyi Shao, Yeben Wang, Laifeng Li, Yongqiang Dong, Jiayi Zhao, Wenqing Liang
Ewing sarcoma usually affects individuals in the initial 30 years of age and is characterized by round, small blue cells malignancy (Rajani & Gibbs, 2012). It is considered the second most frequently occurring malignant bone cancer in adolescents and children, with peak incidence at 15 years (Rajani & Gibbs, 2012; Thanindratarn et al., 2019; Tzanakakis et al., 2021). Adjuvant chemotherapy, local treatments (surgical or radiotherapy interventions), and neo-adjuvant chemotherapy are the conventional treatment approaches for such tumors. Surgical resection in healthy margins is preferred over radiotherapy alone (Thévenin-Lemoine et al., 2018). For localized Ewing sarcoma, the overall five-year survival rate is 70 to 80%, however, worse patient outcomes are observed in cases where large tumors, pelvic involvement, or incomplete tumor regression after chemotherapy is observed (Thanindratarn et al., 2019).
Diverse outcomes in extra-cranial rhabdoid tumors: A single institute experience
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2022
Yoshiki Katsumi, Tomoko Iehara, Yasumichi Kuwahara, Kunihiko Tsuchiya, Eiichi Konishi, Hajime Hosoi
Case 4: A 10-month-old female presenting with fever and recurrent vomiting was found to have a tumor surrounding the ureter and iliac artery and vein by MRI (Supplemental Figure S1E). Complete resection was impossible because of the adhered vessels. After partial resection, the patient was initially diagnosed with Ewing sarcoma. Subsequent RT diagnosis was based on the pathological findings of prominent nucleoli, oval nuclei with mitotic figures, and SMARCB1-negative expression (Supplemental Figure S2D). Five cycles of alternative therapy with vincristine/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide/carboplatin/etoposide, concurrent with local radiotherapy were administered. Complete remission was eventually achieved. The patient has survived for over 11 years without recurrence.