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Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
If cisplatin is contraindicated because of renal function status/neuropathy/tinnitus/deafness, carboplatin can be considered, because it causes less nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and peripheral neuropathy, but it is more myelosuppressive. Also, carboplatin is not thought to be as tumouricidal as cisplatin; for this reason, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor cetuximab can be used instead when cisplatin is contraindicated.
Antineoplastic Drugs during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
A heavy-metal complex, cisplatin (Platinol), inhibits cancer cell growth by inducing interstrand crosslinks in DNA. Cisplatin is approved to treat testicular, ovarian, and bladder cancers. It is used to treat numerous carcinomas, including adrenal, head and neck, lung, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, prostate, stomach, cervical, endometrial, and breast.
Nucleic Acids as Therapeutic Targets and Agents
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
Cisplatin is used alone or in combination with other agents for the treatment of germ cell tumors (e.g., testicular), sarcomas, lymphomas, and some carcinomas (e.g., small-cell lung, cervical, bladder, and head and neck). It is also used for refractory choriocarcinoma, upper GI and ovarian cancer, although for the latter carboplatin is now generally preferred. Cisplatin is of particular value in patients with metastatic germ cell cancers (i.e., seminomas and teratomas). It is often quoted as a “game changing” agent for the treatment of testicular cancer when, since its introduction, the cure rate improved from 10% to >85%.
Tetramodal therapy with transurethral resection followed by chemoradiation in combination with hyperthermia for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: early results of a multicenter phase IIB study
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2022
Oliver Riesterer, Adela Ademaj, Emsad Puric, Brigitte Eberle, Marcus Beck, Silvia Gomez, Dietmar Marder, Eva Oberacker, Susanne Rogers, Roger A. Hälg, Thomas Kern, Sonja Schwenne, Jürgen Stein, Emanuel Stutz, Olaf Timm, Sebastian Zschaeck, Mathias S. Weyland, Paraskevi D. Veltsista, Stephen Wyler, Peter Wust, Stephan Scheidegger, Stephan Bodis, Pirus Ghadjar
Patients received weekly chemotherapy with cisplatin or carboplatin for a minimum of six and a maximum of seven cycles. Cisplatin with 40 mg/m2 was given intravenously according to the institutional protocol. If the creatinine clearance was <60 ml/min, weekly carboplatin (AUC2) was administered instead of cisplatin. Deep RHT was administered in accordance with the quality assurance guidelines published by the European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology (ESHO) [13,14]. The BSD 2000/3 D system with the Sigma-60 or Sigma-Eye phased array applicator (BSD Medical Cooperation/Pyrexar, Salt Lake City, UT, USA) was used. RHT was performed once a week for a minimum of six and a maximum of seven sessions. After an induction period of approximately 30 min, RHT was delivered for 60 min. Thermal mapping with multichannel thermometry probes was mandatory to measure the temperature achieved at the reference points. The temperature probes were placed in the rectum, bladder, vagina (for female patients) and additionally on the anal margin (rima ani). The temperature was measured at 10-second intervals, starting before treatment and stopping five minutes after switching off the radiofrequency power. Based on these measurements, the Cumulative Equivalent Minutes (CEM43 °C) were calculated to describe the thermal dose applied to the bladder [15]. According to protocol, HT was initiated within two hours prior to or after RT.
Hot-processed virgin coconut oil abrogates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by restoring redox balance in rats compared to fermentation-processed virgin coconut oil
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Arunaksharan Narayanankutty, Soorya Parathodi Illam, Varsha Rao, Sabah Shehabudheen, Achuthan C. Raghavamenon
The animals were randomly assigned to seven groups containing six animals in each with mean body weight of 224.9 ± 10.4 g (Details of body weight in each group are given in Supplementary material 1); one of which was kept control without any treatment (Normal group). The remaining groups were pretreated with normal saline (4 mL/Kg), silymarin (100 mg/kg), FPVCO (2 & 4 mL/Kgbw) or HPVCO (2 & 4 mL/Kgbw) for 7 days. After the 7th day, all animals expect group 1 were given a single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (10 mg/Kgbw). The dosage of Cisplatin was selected based on the previously available literature (Shi et al.2018). The animals were further maintained in the treatment regimen for another 7 days. All the animals had free access to normal rat chow (Sai Durga Feeds, Bangalore) and water ad libitum. At the end of the experiment, the animals were weighted (Supplementary material 1) and fasted overnight. Euthanasia was done using the Carbon dioxide chamber (Orchid Scientific & Innovative India, Maharashtra, India) with a filling rate of 25–28% per minute. Euthanasia procedures were strictly according to the regulations of Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experiment on Animals (CPCSEA), MoEF, Govt. of India. The blood was collected, centrifuged (2000 g) and the serum was separated. The kidney was excised and a portion was homogenized as described previously (Narayanankutty et al.2017b) and another portion was fixed in 10% formalin for histomorphometric studies.
Enfortumab vedotin – next game-changer in urothelial cancer
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2021
Moritz Maas, Viktoria Stühler, Simon Walz, Arnulf Stenzl, Jens Bedke
EAU guideline recommends the use of platinum-based combinations as first-line chemotherapy in patients eligible for cisplatin [4]. Among the available regimen with gemcitabine, cisplatin (GC) or methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin plus cisplatin (MVAC), GC is preferred due to its lower toxicity while survival data and response rates are similar [4]. Nearly 50% of the patients are unfit for cisplatin due to poor renal function, performance status, or other comorbidities, e.g. hearing loss and neuropathy. Cisplatin-unfit options in first-line mUC treatment include carboplatin-gemcitabine regimens which are associated with a significant lower efficacy if compared to cisplatin [4,7]. Another approved option is the ICI atezolizumab and pembrolizumab for PD-L1 positive patients based on approval status from phase II data and complemented by the results of the phase III trial IMvigor130 [8].