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Inhalation Toxicity of Metal Particles and Vapors
Published in Jacob Loke, Pathophysiology and Treatment of Inhalation Injuries, 2020
Arsine (AsH3), the hydride of arsenic, is one of the more toxic arsenic compounds. Arsine may be generated when acids are combined with arsenic-containing metals. Poisoning by arsine is the principal source of industrial arsenic poisoning today and has been reported in connection with the refining or processing of tin, lead, and zinc. Poisonings from this source have dire consequences because arsine causes severe and extensive hemolysis, and the inadequacy of available therapy. Exposures as low as 10 ppm have produced delirium, coma, and death. If the exposure is not fatal, the signs of chronic arsenic poisoning may appear. Chronic inhalation of AsH3 at subtoxic levels by laboratory animals leads to hemolysis of erythrocytes, leading to death from chemical asphyxia. Irritation from arsine also results in pulmonary edema.
Metals
Published in Frank A. Barile, Barile’s Clinical Toxicology, 2019
Anirudh J. Chintalapati, Frank A. Barile
Arsenic is a crystalline metalloid, which exists as yellow, black, and gray allotropic forms. It is rapidly oxidized to arsenic trioxide (As2O3). Organic formulas are considered to be less toxic than inorganic states. As binds several metals and non-metals to form stable organic complexes, which are toxic on exposure. Some organic As compounds exist as gases or low-boiling liquids at STP. Highly poisonous arsine gas is produced by heating As salts or treatment with acids. More than 21 As complexes of significant toxicological concern have been identified as environmental pollutants.
Arsenic: an emerging role in adipose tissue dysfunction and muscle toxicity
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Kaviyarasi Renu, Aditi Panda, Balachandar Vellingiri, Alex George, Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
Arsenic presence in the environment can be both man-made and natural activities. It enters the environment naturally through groundwater, mineral ore, and geothermal processes. Its dispersion and spread in the environment are mainly provoked through mining, leaching, and commercial uses. It's a common by-product through the smelting process of metal ores like cobalt, gold, lead, nickel, and zinc, respectively. Other sources of arsenic include algaecides, herbicides, non-ferrous alloys, pesticides, defoliants, etc. It is also vastly used in glass manufacturing industries in the form of gallium arsenide and arsine gases used in semiconductor devices. However, both organic and inorganic forms of Arsenic can also be found in seafood like oysters, scallops, mussels, prawns, lobsters, etc. (Barringer and Reilly 2013).