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Respiratory Medicine
Published in Paul Bentley, Ben Lovell, Memorizing Medicine, 2019
Adenoma: Majority are carcinoid tumours (APUDomas) that occur in young people and have good prognosisCharacteristics: Haemoptysis, lobar collapse, wheeze; 2% develop carcinoid syndrome or acromegaly; tumours occupy a central location, so often not visible
Comparative Pathology — Human Large Intestinal Cancer And Animal Models
Published in Herman Autrup, Gary M. Williams, Experimental Colon Carcinogenesis, 2019
Carcinoids are a distinct entity of neoplasms that were so named because of their resemblance to carcinomas but their apparent “inability” to metastasize. However, it is quite clear now that these neoplasms also have the potential for metastasis, although the metastatic potential is less than the carcinomas. These neoplasms arise from the intestinal endocrine cells which stain positively with silver stain and are, therefore, more accurately called argentaffinomas or enterochromaffinomas. Because of their certain biochemical properties (Amine Precursor Uptake and amino acid Decarboxylation) these neoplasms are also called APUDOMAS.23 In decreasing order of frequency, these neoplasms are found in the appendix, small intestine, rectum, bronchi, large intestine, and rarely in the other sites. Grossly these neoplasms usually appear yellow on cut surface. Histologically the neoplasm appears as nests and ribbons of small cuboidal cells with a very monotonous appearance.
Metabolic effects of tumours
Published in Martin Andrew Crook, Clinical Biochemistry & Metabolic Medicine, 2013
Certain rare syndromes with endocrine or neurotransmitter properties are associated with neoplasia. These cells may share common cytological characteristics, originating in the embryonic ectoblast. Staining techniques have shown their ability for amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) with the production of amines. Tumours of these cells have therefore been called APUDomas (although this older classification has been challenged). Some secrete physiologically active amines, whereas others, such as the pituitary and parathyroid glands and the calcitonin-producing C cells of the thyroid, secrete peptide hormones. Many occur in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. Secreting tumours of tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and the amine-secreting carcinoid tumours are discussed in this chapter.
The carotid body and associated tumors: updated review with clinical/surgical significance
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2019
Nasir Butt, Woong Kee Baek, Stefan Lachkar, Joe Iwanaga, Asma Mian, Christa Blaak, Sameer Shah, Christoph Griessenauer, R. Shane Tubbs, Marios Loukas
Over the years, authors have attributed CBTs with different names: chemodectoma, paraganglioma, chromaffinoma, non-chromaffin tumor, and glomus tumors. CBTs can either be nonfunctional chemodectomas or functional apudomas. The later secretes neuropeptides and is associated with activity of the sympathetic nervous system.15 The carotid body is part of the paraganglion system, hence the term for tumor arising in it: paraganglioma.