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Antineoplastic Drugs during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Mitomycin (Mitomycin-C) is an antineoplastic antibiotic that blocks DNA synthesis. Similar to Dactinomycin, mitomycin is isolated from the broth of Streptomyces caespitosus, and is approved as a component of polytherapy therapy for pancreatic and stomach cancers. Mitomycin is infrequently used also used to treat hypercalcemia secondary to malignancy.
Monographs of Topical Drugs that Have Caused Contact Allergy/Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Mitomycin is an antineoplastic antibiotic isolated from the bacterium Streptomyces caespitosus and other Streptomyces bacterial species. Bioreduced mitomycin C generates oxygen radicals, alkylates DNA, and produces inter-strand DNA cross-links, thereby inhibiting DNA synthesis. Preferentially toxic to hypoxic cells, this agent also inhibits RNA and protein synthesis at high concentrations. Mitomycin C is indicated for treatment of malignant neoplasm of lip, oral cavity, pharynx, digestive organs, peritoneum, female breast, and urinary bladder (1).
Acquired Bleeding Disorders Associated with Disease and Medications
Published in Harold R. Schumacher, William A. Rock, Sanford A. Stass, Handbook of Hematologic Pathology, 2019
William A. Rock, Sue D. Walker
Mitoxantrone is an antineoplastic antibiotic given in combination with cytosine arabinoside for Acute Nonlymphocytic Leukemia. Induction with this drug causes severe myelosuppression with bleeding complications (in up to 37%), including GI bleeding and petechiae/ecchymosis (134).
Octreotide and Octreotide-derived delivery systems
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2023
Mingliang Fan, Yue Huang, Xinlin Zhu, Jiayu Zheng, Mingwei Du
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a commonly used antineoplastic antibiotic for the treatment of a broad-spectrum of malignancies. However, its clinical application is often limited by non-specific distribution and toxic side effects such as cardiotoxicity. OCT is a suitable ligand to construct peptide drug conjugate which can enhance the specific delivery of DOX to SSTR-expressed tumours and reduce adverse effects. In addition, OCT was reported to be capable of improving the antioxidant capacity of cardiomyocytes and alleviating doxorubicin caridotoxicity, thus might have a synergistic or additive anticancer effect with doxorubicin in a combinational drug strategy [63–65]. Unlike PTX which functions in the cytoplasm, DOX must enter the nucleus and intercalate with DNA to inhibit macromolecular biosynthesis. Therefore, the readily release of DOX from the internalised conjugate is required to induce cell death. Tian et al. developed a dual-targeting OCT-DOX conjugate in which OCT and DOX are linked by a dipeptide substrate for cathepsin B. OCT-DOX was specifically uptaken into SSTR2-expressed tumour cells and cleaved by cancer-selective cathepsin B, liberated DOX could diffuse into the nucleus and play a role. The tumour specific receptor and enzyme acted together to form a double-insurance mechanism for targeted delivery [66].
177Lu-doxycycline as potential radiopharmaceutical: electrochemical characterization, radiolabeling, and biodistribution in tumor-bearing mice
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2021
Zorana Milanović, Drina Janković, Sanja Vranješ-Đurić, Magdalena Radović, Željko Prijović, Gordana Zavišić, Marko Perić, Dalibor Stanković, Marija Mirković
This study implies that chemotoxicity of chemotherapeutical drugs-DNA intercalators, such as doxorubicin, bleomycin, daunorubicin, and dactinomycin (Kim et al. 1996; McGowan et al. 2017) may be overcome by their radiolabeling with therapeutic radionuclides (i.e. 177Lu). In this way, the DNA intercalators are tumor targeting molecules and therapeutic effect is additionally achieved by the attached radionuclide. As the amount of DNA intercalator required for the formation of such an agent is remarkably less compared to that required for the chemotherapy alone, it is expected that by combining the DNA intercalator with therapeutic radionuclides, the associated chemotoxicity will be significantly reduced (Ghosh et al. 2020). Among this group stands also doxycycline as an antineoplastic antibiotic, with significantly less chemotoxicity.
The role of electrochemotherapy with intratumoral bleomycin for early tongue carcinoma
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Corinna E. Zimmermann, Henrike A. Faesser, Volker Gassling, Jörg Wiltfang
Developed at the Institute Gustave Roussy, the method of electrochemotherapy (ECT) using electroporation (EPT) has had potent anti-tumour activity in preclinical trials including the treatment of primary tongue cancer [1], in particular. EPT describes the technique of applying short high-voltage electrical pulses to living tissues, thereby transiently and reversibly permeabilizing cell membranes for non-permeant molecules (e. g. cytotoxic drugs, genes, antibodies). Once the voltage source is removed, the cell membranes become impermeable again and the admitted molecules remain intracellular. For ECT, EPT is combined with the intravenous or intratumoral administration of chemotherapeutic agents such as bleomycin. Bleomycin (bleo) is an antineoplastic antibiotic which binds to DNA causing strand scissions thus inhibiting DNA replication in dividing cells. Normally, high doses of bleomycin are required to pass cell membranes which causes systemic toxicity. When bleomycin is combined with EPT, only a few hundred molecules are needed to cause cell death in proliferative tissues like malignant tumours. Consequently, lower doses are sufficient for anti-tumour activity and systemic side effects are reduced [2].