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Envisioning Utilization of Super Grains for Healthcare
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Preeti Birwal, Santosh K. Mishra, Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants in Food Design, 2022
The demand for nutritious food with the richness of nutraceutical components and good quality proteins is increasing. The impact of globalization and industrialization has led to biased technological usage of certain plant species, which demand high amount of energy and fertilizers along with the monoculture production thereby reducing the agricultural genetic diversity. With an increasing population, the demand for additional water resources is created. The future will surely lack these required resources with increasing industrial and domestic needs. The food requirements cannot be met by the present major crops, which raises an urgent demand for alternative crops [188].
Water Quality and the Impact on Human Health and the Environment: The Current International and EU Regulatory Framework
Published in Stefania Negri, Environmental Health in International and EU Law, 2019
The purpose of this Directive is to establish an agenda for the protection of inland surface waters, transitional waters, coastal waters, and groundwater that: ‘(a) prevents further deterioration and protects and enhances the status of aquatic ecosystems and, with regard to their water needs, terrestrial ecosystems and wetlands directly depending on the aquatic ecosystems; (b) promotes sustainable water use based on a long-term protection of available water resources; (c) aims at enhanced protection and improvement of the aquatic environment, inter alia, through specific measures for the progressive reduction of discharges, emissions, and losses of priority substances and the cessation or phasing-out of discharges, emissions and losses of the priority hazardous substances; (d) ensures the progressive reduction of pollution of groundwater and prevents its further pollution; and (e) contributes to mitigating the effects of floods and droughts’.28
The Human Rights to Water and Sanitation
Published in Oliver Cumming, Tom Slaymaker, Equality in Water and Sanitation Services, 2018
Virginia Roaf, Catarina de Albuquerque, Léo Heller
A human rights approach to realising Goal 6 on water and sanitation will also help progress to environmental goals and targets such as water use efficiency and the preservation of ecosystems. The human right to water demands that attention is paid to how water resources are used, to ensure that all water for domestic uses receives priority over water for other uses. Water use efficiency in agriculture and industry will simultaneously protect water resources, ensuring that more is available for domestic uses (which currently demands a minimal proportion of any country’s water resources). Currently, there are many countries that charge agriculture and industry less for water from public services than domestic uses, a regressive cross-subsidy.
Multi-parametric groundwater quality and human health risk assessment vis-à-vis hydrogeochemical process in an Agri-intensive region of Indus basin, Punjab, India
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Vijay Jaswal, Ravishankar Kumar, Prafulla Kumar Sahoo, Sunil Mittal, Ajay Kumar, Sunil Kumar Sahoo, Yogalakshmi Kadapakkam Nandabalan
According to the United Nations Sustainable Development report (UNSD 2017), approximately 2.2 billion people worldwide are deprived of safe drinking water. The 2030 agenda for sustainable development has adopted clean water and sanitation as one of the sustainable development goals and propounded that water scarcity would displace around 700 billion people worldwide by 2030. Water scarcity and deteriorating water quality have loomed into a massive threat to people around the world. Around half of the world's total population depends on groundwater as a drinking resource (Shukla and Saxena, 2020a, 2020b). The United Nations (UN) report (2015) states that the groundwater that accounts for 0.61% of total water resource serves 43% of global irrigation in addition to serving the drinking needs. Increasing demand of water for drinking, irrigation, domestic and industrial purposes has deteriorated the groundwater levels to become a major concern in 21st century (Oki and Akana 2016, Kawo and Karuppannan 2018).
Application of HMTL and novel IWQI models in rural groundwater quality assessment: a case study in Nigeria
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Daniel A. Ayejoto, Johnbosco C. Egbueri, Monday T. Enyigwe, Osita I. Chiaghanam, Peter D. Ameh
Groundwater is one of the most important natural resources, as it is essential for human health, socioeconomic growth, and ecosystem functioning. It is also commonly used for a variety of residential, agricultural, and mining purposes (Bhat et al.2012, Gleeson et al.2016, Khan et al.2017, Ruiz et al.2019, Grönwall and Danert 2020). However, in recent years, groundwater contamination has emerged as one of the world’s most serious issues, as water resources are being contaminated by natural sources and a variety of human activities. Contamination of water sources by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) released from industrial and mining discharges remains one of the seemingly unending environmental problems faced by developing countries (Busico et al.2018, Egbueri and Enyigwe 2020, Obasi and Akudinobi 2020). As a result, a better understanding of groundwater quality and its evolution drivers is needed for long-term groundwater sustainability.
Durable siloxane-polyurethane coatings for mitigating freshwater mussel fouling
Published in Biofouling, 2022
Teluka Pasan Galhenage, Shane J. Stafslien, Allen Skaja, Dean C. Webster
The United States Bureau of Reclamation is the largest supplier of water and hydropower in 17 western states. They manage 476 dams, provide water to approximately 31 million people, and contribute to 17% of the hydropower generated in the United States (Skaja et al. 2012). Therefore, the United States Bureau of Reclamation is responsible for managing, developing, and protecting water resources in an economical manner with the least impact on the environment in the best interest of the American public. The Bureau is facing difficulties in maintaining reservoir structures due to the uncontrollable growth of zebra and quagga mussels (Skaja et al. 2012; Skaja et al. 2015). The mussels grow rapidly on structures that are submerged in water blocking water supply and transportation. In some cases, attachment of mussels has completely clogged small diameter pipes and greatly reduced the flow rate of large diameter pipes. This negatively affects the efficiency of hydropower generation and creates a huge economic and environmental impact. The Bureau of Reclamation has conducted a detailed study evaluating potential coating solutions for this problem (Skaja et al. 2012; Skaja et al. 2015). Summarizing a 3 year study they have found that fouling release coatings outperformed many other contenders during field immersion trials under both static and dynamic conditions. However, the silicone-based fouling release coatings were eventually fouled by algae and bryozoans which may act as a biotic foundation for mussel attachment (Skaja et al. 2012).