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Engineering for Learning Science Embedded in Societal Issues
Published in Jazlin Ebenezer, Hark, Hark! Hear the Story of a Science Educator, 2020
Wastewater Treatment: Microbiology to Investigate Option is an example. For wastewater treatment, we may use microorganisms and determine the best growth and reproduction. Biofuels is another bioengineering challenge that involves biological energy conversion dynamics. Research points to conventional feedstocks, which may develop possible design solutions for biofuels. The study of the role of photosynthesis in energy flow is a strand. Interaction of biofuel crops with the environment may be a focus. Energy crops versus waste feedstocks energy flow also are of significance in the study of biofuels. In both examples noted above, students have an opportunity to define the problem, compare solutions, and observe how technology increases the number of solutions.
Wastewater Phycoremediation by Microalgae for Sustainable Bioproduct Production
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
Najeeha Mohd. Apandi, Radin Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed, Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi, Amir Hashim Mohd. Kassim
In a wastewater treatment system, the elimination or reduction of unnecessary contaminants such as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), toxins, bacteria, suspended solids, nutrients and coliform is necessary and must therefore comply with international standards. Wastewater treatment consists of physical, chemical and biological processes. The process applied in conventional wastewater treatments is summarized in Figure 1.1.
Monitoring Inequalities in Wash Service Levels
Published in Oliver Cumming, Tom Slaymaker, Equality in Water and Sanitation Services, 2018
Excreta that are removed from on-site storage facilities can be transported and treated at appropriate treatment facilities, typically through trucking services. Wastewater treatment plants treating sewage may be able to receive and treat such wastes, but as wastes from on-site systems are much more concentrated than sewage, there is a risk that the plant can be overwhelmed. As for wastewater, treatment plants that deliver at least secondary treatment (for both the solid and liquid fractions) are counted as safely managed. Many countries, including high-income countries, lack data on the amount of excreta that is transported and treated off-site. Insufficient data were available to estimate the global population whose excreta were safely transported and treated off-site in 2015.
Pulsatile flow of thixotropic blood in artery under external body acceleration
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Louiza Cheffar, Abdelhakim Benslimane, Djamel Sadaoui, Adel Benchabane, Karim Bekkour
Whereas many studies have considered Newtonian, non-Newtonian and viscoelastic assumptions, studies regarding the time-dependent thixotropic effect exhibited by physiological systems such as blood are fewer despite its importance in blood flow modeling. However, the concept of thixotropy is well established and the related rheological experimentation has already been extensively investigated (Barnes 1997; de Souza Mendes et al. 2012; Pritchard et al. 2020) given the widespread nature of thixotropic fluid applications. Thixotropic fluids are commonly used in the construction industry (e.g. liquid cements, liquid concrete, drilling fluids), industrial applications (e.g. muds, paints) and the food industry (e.g. liquid dairy products, ketchup). Related applications include some forms of mud flows and debris flows, pasty sewage sludges and some wastewater treatment residues (Benslimane et al. 2016a, 2016b).
Preparation of AC/KOH and AC/Fe3O4/ZnO nanocomposite from waste rice straw for the removal of cyclophosphamide from aqueous solutions
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2023
Ali Asghar Haghgoo, Mehrdad Cheraghi, Soheil Sobhanardakani, Bahareh Lorestani, Vida Izadkhah
Effluent and drinking water treatment operations have not been designed specifically for the removal of pharmaceuticals. Hence, plans for the elimination of pharmaceuticals from water samples have been predominantly investigated. Advanced wastewater treatment operations (e.g. flocculation, membrane nanofiltration, advanced oxidation, adsorption, and reverse osmosis) propose great removal rates for drug compounds (Al-Musawi et al.2021, Balarak et al.2021). However, there are concerns in regard with the unpleasant by-products and cost-effectiveness of these treatment processes. Among the above-mentioned methods, adsorption has been reported as a more preferable technique than the others owing to its high versatility, efficiency, relatively high cost-effectiveness with no secondary pollution (Sobhanardakani and Zandipak 2015, 2017, Zandipak and Sobhanardakani 2016, Ghoochian et al.2019).
Hybrid powdered activated carbon-activated sludge biofilm formation to mitigate biofouling in dynamic membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment
Published in Biofouling, 2022
Mohammad Reza Mehrnia, Fatemeh Nasiri, Fatemeh Pourasgharian Roudsari, Fatemeh Bahrami
Global insufficiency of water resources besides the widespread pollution of existing water bodies has put the process of wastewater treatment and reuse among the most substantial issues in the environmental engineering area. As a modern paradigm shift, wastewater is now considered a renewable resource which is capable of producing clean water, useful nutrients and renewable energy (Aslam et al. 2022). Different wastewater treatment approaches have been proposed, including physical (Prathapar et al. 2006) and chemical (Pidou et al. 2008) techniques, advanced oxidation process (AOP) (Liu et al. 2021) and biological methods (Holloway et al. 2021). Among them, biological methods, independently or in combination with other techniques (Xiang et al. 2021), stand out because of being cost efficient and lack production of more dangerous intermediates (Ayed et al. 2017). Moreover, the hybrid techniques can overcome the drawback of independent biological treatment, which is the removal of specific toxic compounds.