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Inflammatory, Hypersensitivity and Immune Lung Diseases, including Parasitic Diseases.
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
(c) Largely non-pathogenic metal pneumoconioses include: 'Stannosis' found in tin miners in Cornwall, 'baritosis' from the inhalation of barium; also antimony and rare earths - the dense metals produce scattered densities (often very dense) on chest radiographs, but cause little (if any) fibrosis.
Inhalation Toxicity of Metal Particles and Vapors
Published in Jacob Loke, Pathophysiology and Treatment of Inhalation Injuries, 2020
The toxicity of tin after inhalation is low. In exposed workers, chronic inhalation of tin oxide dust or fumes leads to “stannosis,” a benign pneumoconiosis without tissue reaction or pulmonary dysfunction (Barnes and Stoner, 1959). There are no data from animal experiments or from studies on human beings on deposition or absorption of inhaled inorganic tin or organotin compounds. The majority of inhaled tin or its salts remains in the lungs, most extracellularly, with some in the macrophages, in the form of SnO2. The organic tins, particularly triethyltin, may be somewhat better absorbed and are considerably more toxic when taken orally (Piscator, 1977). Stannic hydride, an unstable gas, is more toxic than arsine and primarily affects the central nervous system.
Inorganic Particulates in Human Lung: Relationship to the Inflammatory Response
Published in William S. Lynn, Inflammatory Cells and Lung Disease, 2019
Victor L. Roggli, J. P. Mastin, John D. Shelburne, Michael Roe, Arnold R. Brody
Exposure to metal oxides is usually in the setting of industrial processing. In the past, most cases of berylliosis have been in individuals involved with the manufacture of fluorescent lights or mining and extraction of beryllium ores.89 Currently, however, the use of beryllium has shifted to aerospace industries, where it is used in structural materials, guidance systems, optical devices, rocket motor parts, and heat shields; electronics industry, where it is used for ceramic parts; and in the manufacture of thermal couplings and crucibles and in atomic reactors.9 Aluminum oxides are used extensively in making explosives, abrasives, incendiary mixtures, and pottery, and substantial exposures may occur in workers engaged in the manufacture of alumina abrasives or in performance of arc welding.89, 134, 135 Titanium is used in the dye industry,28, 89 while stannosis occurs among individuals who mine, smelt, refine, or otherwise process and sample tin dioxide ore (cassiterite).89 Cadmium is used in the manufacture of alloys and alkaline accumulators, in electro-plating, and in control of atomic reactors; individuals who weld steel parts which have been previously plated with cadmium anti-corrosives are at risk of exposure to high levels of cadmium oxide fumes.89 Workers who are hematite miners, silver-polishers, or arc welders may be exposed to high levels of iron oxides.14, 89
Metal emissions from e-cigarettes: a risk assessment analysis of a recently-published study
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2018
Konstantinos E. Farsalinos, Brad Rodu
Tin (Sn) is a metal that in the form of stannic oxide dust or fumes can cause a benign form of pneumoconiosis in humans, known as stannosis (Dundon & Hughes, 1950). It has been found as a soldering material in ECs (Williams et al., 2015). A PDE level of 60 μg/day has been defined, which translates to a liquid consumption ranging from 3093 g/day (75th percentile) to 10,619 g/day (median).