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Published in Ken Addley, MCQs, MEQs and OSPEs in Occupational Medicine, 2023
Best fit. Severity of coal worker’s pneumoconiosis varies according to the composition of the coal. Simple coal worker’s pneumoconiosis is not associated with an increased risk of lung cancer. Caplan syndrome is associated with rheumatoid arthritis. There has been a recent resurgence of PMF in US coal miners.
How Nanoparticles Are Generated
Published in Antonietta Morena Gatti, Stefano Montanari, Advances in Nanopathology From Vaccines to Food, 2021
Antonietta Morena Gatti, Stefano Montanari
To be sure, the situation is somewhat curious: We have known all along that breathing and eating dust is bad for our health. Asbestosis, silicosis, bauxite fibrosis, berylliosis, siderosis and byssinosisa are just a few among the dust-induced pathologies we have known for many years. Pneumoconiosis, that is, the class of occupational lung diseases caused by the inhalation of dust is a word all doctors know. Nevertheless, we continue to produce finer and finer (i.e. more and more aggressive) dust and allow it to enter relentlessly into the environment, the only one we have available, not yet being able to escape from this planet, if we will ever be. And what is even more curious is that there are 'scientists', luckily enough nowadays a dwindling minority, who still wonder whether particles are really harmful. This for the relief and the joy of industrialists and politicians who, thus, find a 'scientific' excuse to continue undeterred the former to pollute and the latter to allow it.
Inhalation Toxicity of Metal Particles and Vapors
Published in Jacob Loke, Pathophysiology and Treatment of Inhalation Injuries, 2020
Long-term inhalation of Cr(III) compounds reveal no adverse health effects, but long-term inhalation exposure to insoluble Cr(VI) compounds is associated with lesions of the mucosa and submucosa of the respiratory tract and other toxic effects. Workers exposed to chromates and chromic acid mist may develop contact dermatitis, skin ulcers, nasal membrane inflammation and ulceration, nasal septum perforation, rhinitis, liver damage, and pulmonary congestion and edema. Chronic rhinitis, laryngitis, and pharyngitis are also common (Stokinger, 1981). Progressive pulmonary fibrosis in a small number of workers was reported in 1962, but no subsequent reports have appeared (Stokinger, 1981). Pneumoconiosis has also been reported. Bronchial asthma is common among chromate workers.
Dusting off the numbers of in situ particle analysis: a 35-year experience
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2019
John M. Carney, Elizabeth N. Pavlisko, Thomas A. Sporn, Victor L. Roggli
SEM equipped with a BEI detector and EDS provides valuable information in the evaluation of interstitial lung disease that may be related to the inhalation of inorganic particulates.19,20 One should note that establishing a diagnosis of a pneumoconiosis requires adequate clinical and occupational history, appropriate histology, and/or the combined findings of ISPA. ISPA interpretation should not be done in isolation and care should be taken when performing ISPA to not implicate inhaled dust partciulates from ambient air as a defined pneumoconiosis. The current study is semi-quantatative and laboratories that do perform quantitative particle analyses should utilize laboratory defined "background" control values. In addition, we would recommend the control values reported by Stettler et al. in Microprobe Analysis in Medicine.21 Herin, we provide analytical results on 96 cases, including 56 cases of pneumoconiosis and 40 cases of other interstitial lung diseases. Some of the more common examples of pneumoconiosis included in this study are mixed dust pneumoconiosis (14), hard metal lung disease (7), and silicosis (7). Disorders to be distinguished from pneumoconiosis that were commonly analyzed include sarcoidosis (13) and hypersensitivity pneumonia (10). Details are provided regarding the findings in each of these disorders as well as less commonly encountered conditions. Presented in part at Ultrapath XIX in Newport, RI on June 28, 2018.
Association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CYBA gene with coal workers’ pneumoconiosis in the Han Chinese population
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2018
Baojun Yuan, Wei Yuan, Xiaoting Wen, Chao Li, Lichang Gao, Baolin Li, Dongmei Wang, Liufu Cui, Yongzhe Li
Pneumoconiosis is a type of restrictive lung disease caused by long-term exposure to dust, often from mines and agriculture. The most common types of pneumoconiosis are silicosis, asbestosis, and coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP). CWP, as its name suggests, is seen in coal miners and is characterized by a specific pattern of pathological changes in the lung including massive fibrosis caused by chronic exposure and retention of inhaled coal mine dust during occupational activities [Huang & Finkelman, 2008]. However, not all individuals have pulmonary fibrosis, despite being exposed to similar dust exposure levels. It is suggested that the development of pulmonary fibrosis seen in CWP might be caused by an interplay between genes and the environment and that different individuals have different genetic predispositions to the condition [Danila et al., 2009; Hu et al., 2003]. Therefore, the identification of high-risk individuals is crucial in reducing their risk of developing CWP. Understanding the role of genetic variation in the etiology of CWP may also increase the understanding of disease pathogenesis and aid the development of successful treatment strategies.
Association between tumor necrosis factor-α -308 Gauss/A polymorphism and risk of silicosis and coal workers pneumoconiosis in Chinese population
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2018
Li-teng Yang, Xin Liu, Gao-hui Wu, Li-fang Chen
Pneumoconiosis is a chronic fibrotic lung disease, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients, and has become a global occupational health problem. Especially in China., there were 24,206 new cases of pneumoconiosis diagnosed in 2012, which accounted for 88.28% of all reported occupational diseases (Xia et al., 2014). The direct economic losses amount to 8 billion RMB each year (Xia et al., 2014), and the indirect economic losses amount to 20 billion RMB each year in China (Xia et al., 2014). Although the pathogenesis of pneumoconiosis is related to the total dose and intensity of dust exposure, only some of them develop pneumoconiosis, suggesting that genetic predisposition may influence individual susceptibility to the development of pneumoconiosis (Bian et al., 2014; Qian et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2015; Yang et al., 2015). Silicosis and coal workers pneumoconiosis are the most widespread fibrotic lung diseases whose etiopathogenesis are not well-defined. It is generally accepted that silicosis and coal workers pneumoconiosis are mediated by macrophage-derived cytokines and growth factors (Castranova & Vallyathan, 2000; Yucesoy et al., 2002).