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Radionuclide Production
Published in Michael Ljungberg, Handbook of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging for Physicists, 2022
Water targets are in some labelling chemistry not the best choice. An alternative production route is to use neon gas, 20Ne(d,α)18F. Adding fluorine-19 gas to the neon as carrier will yield 18F2 that can be used for electrophilic substitution. However, adding carrier will lower the specific radioactivity of the labelled product.
Lasers in Medicine: Healing with Light
Published in Suzanne Amador Kane, Boris A. Gelman, Introduction to Physics in Modern Medicine, 2020
Suzanne Amador Kane, Boris A. Gelman
These helium atoms’ electrons in the metastable state can escape to the ground state by transferring their energy to a neon atom's electrons through a collision. This excites the neon electron from its ground state. This is because neon coincidentally has an energy level almost equal to the helium energy level with slow decay. This agreement is taken advantage of in order to promote the neon atoms’ electrons to the corresponding excited state.
Short-Lived Positron Emitting Radionuclides
Published in Frank Helus, Lelio G. Colombetti, Radionuclides Production, 2019
The half-life of neon-19 is 17.3 s. This nucleus decays by positron emission (99%) and electron capture to stable fluorine-19.298 The maximum positron energy is 2.24 MeV and the corresponding range of positrons of this energy in water is nearly 11 mm. This high positron energy can affect the spatial resolution obtainable, depending on the positron imaging device used. Neon-19 can be produced via the 19F(p,n)19Ne and the 16O(α,n)19Ne reaction. The yield of the latter is 1.2 mCi/μA.m when a 23 MeV beam is used.299 The neon is produced for lung ventilation studies. Due to its half-life this radionuclide can be regarded as the positron-emitting equivalent of 81ΣKr. The solubility of neon in water is about the same as for nitrogen but much lower than for the commonly used xenon-133, see Table 5. The solubility is of importance because it defines part of the background in a ventilation study.
Biosynthesis of nano selenium in plants
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2023
Jonas Verstegen, Klaus Günther
The seeds were surface sterilised with 10% formalin solution for 10 min and rinsed thoroughly with ultrapure water. For up to 7 days the seeds were germinated on filter paper, moisturised with ultrapure water, and subsequently transferred into a hydroponic system, containing a growth solution with all essential nutrients that was spiked with sodium selenite. The concentration of sodium selenite in the nutritional solution was 5 mg/l, equivalent to a selenium concentration of 28.91 μM/l. For barley and brown mustard the GHE TriPart Series was used as nutritional solution, for the other plants Hoagland Solution at quarter strength was used. Water was added every other day to keep the water level roughly constant. Light was distributed with two 55 W neon tubes and a reflector. The neon tubes emitted a colour temperature of 6500 K. The days where split into a 16-h light and an 8-h darkness period, in which no artificial light was emitted. The light source was placed about 30 cm above the seeds and was powered from 6 am to 10 pm. The plants grew 28 to 42 days. Following the harvesting, shoot and root were separated and rinsed with the root crown being disposed to avoid intermixing.
Epidemiology of cerebral palsy among children in the remote Gorkha district of Nepal: findings from the Nepal cerebral palsy register
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2023
Israt Jahan, Mahmudul Hassan Al Imam, Mohammad Muhit, Amir Banjara Chhetri, Nadia Badawi, Gulam Khandaker
Information about known risk factors including maternal characteristics (e.g., age at delivery, assistance in conception, previous history of live birth, stillbirth, and miscarriage), prenatal and perinatal history and other birth-related factors (e.g., antenatal care (ANC), febrile illness, gestational age, birthweight, complications during pregnancy and labor, place and mode of delivery, birth attendant, plurality, history of intrapartum-related neonatal respiratory depression (IPR NRD), neonatal encephalopathy (NE), congenital anomalies) were collected by reviewing the available medical records and taking a history from the mothers or primary caregivers accompanying children to the medical assessment camps [6]. IPR NRD was defined as “a newborn failing to cry at the time of birth, experiencing delayed onset of breathing (>1 min), or requiring assistance to initiate breathing.” NE was defined as “disturbance of neurological function in the earliest days of life in the term infant manifested by difficulty in initiating and maintaining respiration, depression of tone or reflexes, abnormal level of consciousness and often by seizures.” Both case definitions were adopted from the Nepal Newborn Washing Study [34].
In vivo toxicity evaluation of nanoemulsions for drug delivery
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2021
Mariana Appel Hort, Barbara da Silva Alves, Osmar Vieira Ramires Júnior, Mariana Correa Falkembach, Gabriela de Moraes Soares Araújo, Caroline Lopes Feijo Fernandes, Ronan Adler Tavella, Juliana Bidone, Cristiana Lima Dora, Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior
During NE treatment, we observed no deaths or external signs of toxicity, such as changes in skin, eyes, and mucous membranes, respiration, behavioral patterns, salivation, diarrhea, or tremors. Further, relative organ weights were not modified by treatment. Besides these parameters, biochemical analyses are frequently performed to investigate the toxic effects of nanoparticles. Our NE did not modify plasma glucose and lipid levels, or the markers of kidney and renal toxicity in rats. This finding is in agreement with Hadrich et al. (2016b); the authors showed that acute administration of unloaded NE to rats did not alter biochemical parameters. Additionally, similar results were obtained by Winter et al. (2016) with three different lipid nanostructured systems, including a NE, in a 14-day protocol.