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Hexane Inhalation
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Hexane is used as a cleaning agent or to extract edible oils from seeds and vegetables as a special-use solvent. Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure of humans to high levels of hexane causes mild central nervous system (CNS) effects, including dizziness, giddiness, slight nausea, and headache. Longer exposure may result in nerve damage and paralysis of the arms and legs.1
A Comparative Study of Organic Pollutants in Seawater, Sediments, and Oyster Tissues at Hab River Delta, Balochistan Coast, Pakistan
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Sadar Aslam, Malik Wajid Hussain Chan, Grzegorz Boczkaj, Ghazala Siddiqui
The seawater and sediments samples were collected from the same place in sterile glass bottles and jars, respectively. After collection, the samples were stored in an icebox before transportation to the lab. After transportation the samples were stored in refrigerator (−20 n-HexaneC). For the extraction of hydrocarbons from water and sediments, the liquid–liquid extraction technique was used. An n-Hexane (a solvent of choice based on previous papers in this field, Weisman, 1998; Johnson, 2016) was used for extraction. Anhydrous sodium sulfate was used for removing water from the extract. The same approach was used by Adeniji et al., 2017.
Coronary Artery Disease
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
One final disturbing reason is the processing of canola oil. Canola and other vegetable oils are extracted from seeds by crushing them and heating them along with chemical solvents, such as hexane. Hexane is derived from petroleum and crude oil; it is used as a cleaning agent in furniture industries, and as an additive in glue and varnishes. The EPA classifies hexane as an air pollutant, and the CDC says it is a neurotoxin. Although vegetable oil manufacturers may suggest that hexane is completely safe, honestly, I am a little skeptical. I prefer an oil that is not heated at high temperatures or goes through a procedure of deodorization. When it comes to oils, I like cold-pressed EVOOs, as no chemical solvents are used and there is minimal processing. So, the question is – what do you cook with? Firstly, I am not a big fan of high-heat frying with any oil as high heat can cause the oil to oxidize, which tends to enhance inflammatory status. If I do use olive oil or organic butter, I prefer a quick sauté in a minimal heat. If higher heats are required, I prefer coconut oil. If you do not like the taste of coconut oil, avocado oil could be another option. Although I tend to keep olive oil away from the frying pan, I use it for “finishing” meals. It is outstanding when it is sprinkled over thinly sliced grass-fed beef, sautéed veggies like broccoli and asparagus, and certainly salads.
Scientific validation of the antimicrobial and antiproliferative potential of Clerodendrum serratum (L.) Moon, its phytoconstituents and their biosafety by acute oral toxicity study
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2021
Himadri Mahajan, Daljit Singh Arora, Harjeet Singh, Subheet K. Jain, Kalia Namarta, Jatinder Singh
Methanolic extract was the most effective organic solvent which showed an outstanding broad-spectrum efficacy against the entire set of 13 pathogenic microorganisms with an average inhibition zone ranging from 14 to 32 mm, as shown in Table 2. As can be seen in the Figure 1, methanol emerged as the most optimal organic extractant (with an average inhibition zone of 22.54 mm) followed by ethyl acetate (17.20 mm), diethyl ether (7.27 mm), and chloroform (6.08 mm). Hexane was least effective with no activity against any of the pathogenic microorganisms examined as a part of this work. In case of methanolic extract, K. pneumoniae 1 was the most sensitive organism (with an inhibition zone of 32 ± 0.41 mm), followed by C. albicans (28 ± 0.43 mm). MRSA was the most sensitive Gram-positive microorganism with an average inhibition zone of 24 ± 0.14 mm.
Meta-inhibition of ocular and gastrointestinal dysfunctions by phenolic-rich fraction of Croton zambsicus leaves in a rat model exposed to chronic mixed metals
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2021
J. K. Akintunde, O. R. Omoniyi, O. E. Folorunsho, C. A. Moses
Methanol of 500 mL was used to dissolve 50 g of powdered croton zambiscus leaves in a clean flat-bottomed container. The mixture was stirred by a shaker at 25 °C for 24 h. Both fresh cotton plug and filter paper (Whatman No. 1) were used to separate the supernatant into clean bottle. Partitioning chromatography was used to fractionate the phenolic extract by suspension using distilled water. It was then allowed to settle for 15 min after hexane solvent has been added to the suspension in ratio of 1:2. The mixture was vigorously shaken for 15 min until two layers were produced. More hexane solvent was added to the aqueous layer as hexane layer was put into clean container. A colourless hexane layer was produced upon addition to aqueous layer. This procedure was repeated one more time followed by the combination of the two hexane layers which was dried to produce hexane fraction. Similarly, the procedure was repeated with the aqueous layer using ethyl acetate. The hexane and ethyl acetate fractions were added together and concentrated with the help of a rotary evaporator at low temperature (40 °C) and pressure. The concentrated product was kept in air-tight condition for use after it was dried by a water bath at 40 °C.
Hexane Extract of Garcinia quaesita Fruits Induces Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Stem Cells Isolated from Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line MDA-MB-231
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Varuni Colamba Pathiranage, Jesiska Nirmalee Lowe, Umapriyatharshini Rajagopalan, Meran Keshawa Ediriweera, Kanishka Senathilake, Poorna Piyathilaka, Kamani Hemamala Tennekoon, Sameera Ranganath Samarakoon
Morphological alterations associated with apoptosis in bCSCs exposed to the hexane extract were examined as described by Ediriweera et al. (16). BCSCs (2.5 × 104 cells/mL) were cultured in 24-well ultra-low attachment plates and incubated for 72 h. Following incubation, cells were treated with different doses of the hexane extract (25, 50 and 100 μg/mL). After 24 h of incubation, cells were transferred to eppendorf tubes and centrifuged at 300 g for 10 min. The cells pellets were then washed with PBS and stained with Acridine Orange (AO)/ethidium bromide (EB) followed by Hoechst 33258. Stained cells were smeared on microscopic glass slides, air-dried and observed under a fluorescence microscope (Olympus BX 51 TRF, Japan). Paclitaxel was used as the positive control (10 and 20 µg/mL).