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Organization and Management of a Laser Safety Program
Published in Kenneth L. Miller, Handbook of Management of Radiation Protection Programs, 2020
Products used for laser operation and airborne contaminants produced by laser-target interaction are potentially hazardous to the user and others in the immediate area. Dyes, chemicals, and gases used as the laser medium may be toxic, as well as asbestos, heavy metals, and gases that may be released or created from laser beam interaction with target materials. It has been estimated that there may be up to 100,000 laser workers occupationally exposed to potentially dangerous levels of byproducts produced during laser beam interactions.31 The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set permissible exposure limits (PEL) for the allowable concentration of these contaminants.32 The LSO must determine what contaminants may be produced under normal operating conditions and determine the presence of any system leaks. Ventilation, personal protective equipmnent, and isolation are suggestions for control. Outdoor laser operations that generate contaminants generally do not have concentrations that exceed limits due to dilution by a large air volume.
Evaluating Toxic Tort Cases
Published in Julie Dickinson, Anne Meyer, Karen J. Huff, Deborah A. Wipf, Elizabeth K. Zorn, Kathy G. Ferrell, Lisa Mancuso, Marjorie Berg Pugatch, Joanne Walker, Karen Wilkinson, Legal Nurse Consulting Principles and Practices, 2019
William P. Gavin, Mark A. Love, Wendie A. Howland
The OSHA regulates the safety and health of workplaces in America by promulgating administrative regulations. When OSHA adopts a regulation, it publishes it and its scientific basis in the Federal Register.23 Typically, OSHA describes its findings on health risks posed by a regulated substance with supportive scientific references. For example, the Final Silica rule states, “OSHA finds that employees exposed to respirable crystalline silica at the preceding PELs (permissible exposure limits) are at an increased risk of lung cancer mortality …”24 The OSHA publications are a valuable resource and are themselves often used to show the standard of care required by employers.
Water and hydration in the workplace *
Published in Jamie Bartram, Rachel Baum, Peter A. Coclanis, David M. Gute, David Kay, Stéphanie McFadyen, Katherine Pond, William Robertson, Michael J. Rouse, Routledge Handbook of Water and Health, 2015
The OSHA lead standard (29 CFR 1910.1025) specifies several control measures to reduce exposure to lead, a toxic metal. Shower facilities must be provided for employees when the airborne exposure to lead is above the permissible exposure limit (PEL), without regard to use of respirators. In addition, an adequate number of bathrooms must be provided so employees can wash their hands and face prior to eating, drinking, smoking, or applying cosmetics (US DOL, OSHA n.d.c.). Workplace hygiene is essential in preventing excessive lead exposure at work and at home, particularly if young children are in the home.
Daratumumab induces cell-mediated cytotoxicity of primary effusion lymphoma and is active against refractory disease
Published in OncoImmunology, 2023
Prabha Shrestha, Yana Astter, David A. Davis, Ting Zhou, Constance M. Yuan, Ramya Ramaswami, Hao-Wei Wang, Kathryn Lurain, Robert Yarchoan
Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare but aggressive non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma and occurs primarily in individuals with HIV. It is caused by Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). KSHV also causes multicentric Castleman disease (MCD), Kaposi sarcoma (KS), and KSHV-associated inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS).1–5 Approximately 60–90% of PEL tumors are co-infected with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV).6 PEL is usually treated with combination anthracycline-containing chemotherapy and antiretroviral therapy (ART). Cures are observed in 40% to 50% of patients, but median overall survival is only about 2 years because many patients experience refractory disease or relapse.7,8 Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new effective therapies for PEL.
Pelargonidin ameliorates reserpine-induced neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic cascade: a comparative in vivo study
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Engy R. Rashed, Tarek El-Hamoly, Marwa M. El-Sheikh, Mona A. El-Ghazaly
Along the same lines, the pelargonidin (PEL) [2–(4-hydroxyphenyl) chromenylium-3,5,7- triol] is an anthocyanidin that is naturally abundant in many fruits and vegetables. Among structurally-comparable compounds, it has been reported to possess a strong antioxidant effect, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability, and an inhibiting effect against lipid peroxidation (Miguel 2011). In addition, PEL has been investigated as an anti-inflammatory flavonoid via inhibiting the production of nitric oxide (NO), the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the activity of NF-κB (Hamalainen et al.2007). In vivo, PEL has been studied in a variety of experimental models; namely, atherosclerosis, diabetes and cardiovascular dysfunction (Noda et al.2002, Min et al.2018).
Work-related asthma in cobalt-exposed workers
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2021
A. Al-abcha, L. Wang, M. J. Reilly, K. D. Rosenman
During most of the MIOSHA workplace enforcement inspections, air monitoring for cobalt was conducted and coworkers exposed to cobalt completed a respiratory symptoms questionnaire. Six workplaces had cobalt air levels higher than the Michigan OSHA PEL. This outcome shows the usefulness of a surveillance program to detect workplaces that are not in compliance with workplace standards. Most of the workplaces where air monitoring for cobalt was conducted were within the PEL. Yet even when companies were below the PEL, symptomatic coworkers were identified. Fifty-five symptomatic coworkers were identified who were bothered at work with daily or weekly chest tightness, shortness of breath or wheezing or were diagnosed with asthma after starting their job at the current location, consistent with work-related asthma. Although all 55 symptomatic coworkers were unlikely to have work-related asthma from cobalt, if one used this number as an estimate of under reporting, there were up to another 1.57 times as many individuals with work-related asthma from cobalt. Workers who left these companies because of respiratory health symptoms or symptomatic workers at other companies using cobalt that were not inspected would increase the estimate of under reporting.