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Cancer
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
In addition to the cancer risk of cigarette smoking: Cigar smoking on a regular basis increases risk of cancers of the lung, oral cavity, larynx, and esophagus (American Cancer Society, 2021).Waterpipe (hookah) smoking is linked in emerging data (currently mostly from case-control studies rather than prospective cohorts) with two to four times increased risk of lung and oral cancers (Waziry et al., 2017).Smokeless tobacco products marketed in the US include chewing tobacco and snuff. Use of smokeless tobacco increases risk of oral cancer especially, as well as esophageal and pancreatic cancers (Warnakulasuriya & Straif, 2018; Wyss et al., 2016).E-cigarettes may also be called “e-cigs,” “vapes,” “e-hookahs,” “vape pens,” and “electronic nicotine delivery systems.” Research is still underway regarding long-term health effects. However, it’s well established that e-cigarette aerosol contains nicotine, as well as cancer-causing chemicals and ultra-fine particles that reach deep into lungs (American Cancer Society, 2019; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), “About Electronic Cigarettes”).
Effects of Food Processing, Storage, and Cooking on Nutrients in Plant-Based Foods
Published in Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
Carotenoids: The choice of cooking methods influences not only the resulting sensory properties of flavor and texture but also the micronutrient profile of the cooked dish. Interestingly, wet-cooking methods, particularly boiling and steaming, are reported to leave the carotenoid content of fruits, vegetables and starchy roots either unchanged or even increased compared to the levels in the raw vegetable form (Palermo, Pellegrini, & Fogliano, 2014; Taleon, Sumbu, Muzhingi, & Bidiaka, 2019). This increase is likely related to the denaturation of protein-carotenoid complexes, which leave more carotenes available for consumption (Palermo et al., 2014). Wet-cooking methods are also responsible for increases in the cis form of carotenoids in contrast to the naturally occurring trans form (Imsic, Winkler, Tomkins, & Jones, 2010). The health effects of this change are inconclusive.
The Relationship between Intensification of Stress-Inducing Customer Behaviors, Job Burnout, and Well-Being of Customer Service Workers
Published in Dorota Żołnierczyk-Zreda, Emotional Labour in Work with Patients and Clients, 2020
Stress experienced by employees affects the functioning of the entire organization and is reflected in such organizational aspects as increased absenteeism, increased costs associated with a higher morbidity, reduced productivity, increased number of accidents, higher staff turnover, hostile working atmosphere, or increased likelihood of workplace bullying. Identifying the causes of workplace stress is the first step in reducing its levels. The next step is to take action to prevent negative health effects.
Comparative cytotoxicity induced by parabens and their halogenated byproducts in human and fish cell lines
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Ashley L. Ball, Megan E. Solan, Marco E. Franco, Ramon Lavado
In recent years, scientific literature about the levels of parabens in humans and wildlife has continued to expand. Also, evidence on the associated health effects, such as reproductive damage, developmental impairment, metabolic disorders, and cancer, has been rapidly increasing (Haman et al.2015, Yang et al. 2018, Wei et al.2021). In vitro experiments have shown that parabens interfere with the receptors for androgens, estrogens, progesterone, glucocorticosteroids, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) (Nowak et al.2018). The majority of the information about the potential toxicity of parabens still relies on in vitro and in vivo experimental studies, often conducted at a range of paraben concentrations that may not represent realistic exposure concentrations and the detected effects may not necessarily be the same in humans and other species. Thus, it is necessary to conduct further studies and also reassess the potential health risks of parabens at realistic exposure levels and in different species.
Air Pollutant impacts on the brain and neuroendocrine system with implications for peripheral organs: a perspective
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2023
Urmila P. Kodavanti, Thomas W. Jackson, Andres R. Henriquez, Samantha J. Snow, Devin I. Alewel, Daniel L. Costa
Air pollution is ranked as the 4th leading risk factor for all-cause human mortality world-wide (Health Effects Institute 2020) and accounts for over 70% of environmental causes of human health ailments (Fuller et al. 2022). Evidence is mounting that the brain and neuroendocrine system are critical targets of air pollution, and mediate many adverse health outcomes in extrapulmonary organ systems (Thurston et al. 2017; Kodavanti 2019). This special issue of Inhalation Toxicology comprises the latest of many recently published papers investigating the effects on central nervous system (CNS) and its potential link to peripheral systemic effects of air pollutants. Using these papers as a proxy, the goal of this review is to direct attention to neural and neuroendocrine-mediated systemic effects of air pollutants. Reactive gases and particulate air pollutants appear to initiate their impacts upon entering the respiratory tract and triggering neural pathways with systemic implications beyond the conventional toxicological paradigm of toxicant-tissue interactions (Figure 1). This synthesis paper aims to provide a broader perspective on our current understanding of air pollution toxicology and its multiorgan systemic effects, focusing on CNS and neuroendocrine stress systems.
Psychometric properties of the Serbian adaptation of the cannabis use intention questionnaire (CUIQ) among secondary medical school adolescents
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2022
Dalibor Bokan, Bojana Dinić, Dušan Čanković, Sonja Čanković, Olja Nićiforović-Šurković, Branislava Đurica
The most obvious short-term health effect of cannabis is intoxication marked by disturbances in the level of consciousness, cognition, perception and behavior (Panee et al., 2018; Scott et al., 2017). Moreover, the short-term intoxication with cannabis could be a possible cause of injuries (Hall, 2015; Hasin, 2018) or adverse physical health effects, such as stroke or acute coronary syndrome (Malmberg et al., 2012; Volkow et al., 2014). The long-term health effects are arising from regular, usually daily use, over periods of months, years or decades. Long-term cannabis use may cause dependence and psychosocial consequences, such as psychosis (Bechtold et al., 2015; Di Forti et al., 2014), schizophrenia, suicide risks and other mental disorders (Cohn et al., 2018), as well as respiratory (Owen et al., 2013), cardiovascular diseases (Latif & Garg, 2020), cancer, etc (World Health Organization, 2016).