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Marine Algal Secondary Metabolites Are a Potential Pharmaceutical Resource for Human Society Developments
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Somasundaram Ambiga, Raja Suja Pandian, Lazarus Vijune Lawrence, Arjun Pandian, Ramu Arun Kumar, Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed Abdul
Almelysin, a new metalloproteinase with significant efficiency in low temperatures, is also other proteinase isolated from the culture filtrate of Alteromonas sp. The metalloprotease secreted by Alteromonas sp. is essential in the strain’s chitin degradation pathway. Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. has been found as a protamine-reducing marine bacterium obtained from marine soil. Extremophile hydrolases have benefits over chemical biocatalysts. These catalysts are non- polluting, environmentally acceptable, extremely specific, and occur in mild reaction circumstances. Such hydrolases may activate in the form of organic liquids, which is crucial for the production of single-isomer chiral medicines. These hydrolases have been used in a variety of ways. L-asparaginase is a hydrolase which produces L-aspartic and ammonia from L-asparagine. L-glutaminase activities is also present in this enzyme. Antileukemia/antilymphoma drugs made from microbial L-asparaginase preparations for biomedical applications presently account for one-third of global demand. L-asparaginases have been widely utilized in children particularly its act as chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, which is considerably greater than various therapeutic enzymes. L-asparaginase has been treated as an anti-tumor therapy in non-lymphoma, bovine lymphoma sarcoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia Hodgkin’s pancreatic carcinoma, lymphosarcoma, lymphosarcoma, reticulum sarcoma, acute myelomonocytic leukemia, melanoma sarcoma and acute myelocytic leukemia.
Cenostigma pyramidale: Ethnomedicinal Properties and Perspectives on A Legume Tree Highly Adapted to Semiarid ‘Caatinga’ Region
Published in Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Livia Maria Batista Vilela, Carlos André dos Santos-Silva, Ricardo Salas Roldan Filho, Silvany de Sousa Araújo, José Ribamar Costa Ferreira-Neto, Wilson Dias de Oliveira, Lidiane Lindinalva Barbosa Amorim, Valesca Pandolfi, Ana Maria Benko-Iseppon
As highlighted here, few genetic information is available on C. pyramidale. Our group has just sequenced the genome and the transcriptome of this species under salinity and in association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in different exposition times. Considering its importance and role as an ‘extremophile species’ able to grow under diverse environmental situations and also the potential to deliver interesting biomolecules, the obtained data will certainly mean a great advance for the understanding of its genetic, molecular and physiological properties.
Bioprocess Parameters of Production of Cyanobacterial Exopolysaccharide
Published in Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati, Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
Onkar Nath Tiwari, Sagnik Chakraborty, Indrama Devi, Abhijit Mondal, Biswanath Bhunia, Shen Boxiong
The high productivity of the cyanobacteria is possible via boosting cellular production on a metabolic state by recombinant DNA technology as well as via designing the best-suited photoreactor encompassing the cultivation methods. The influencing parameters include water quality, temperature, light, pH, nourishments (macro/micro), and a suitable amount of salts as well as ions concentration including gaseous exchange. The cyanobacterial strains sustain an exceptional range of conditions ranging from subzero to an elevated temperature of around 70ºC generally present in naturally occurring hot springs (Seckbach 2007). Likewise, extremophiles thrive in extreme pH, light, or salinity conditions. However, the parameters of the physical and chemical environment is to be optimized for maximized growth of biomass.
Biofilms of Halobacterium salinarum as a tool for phenanthrene bioremediation
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Leonardo Gabriel Di Meglio, Juan Pablo Busalmen, César Nicolas Pegoraro, Débora Nercessian
The use of strategies based on microorganisms is a suitable alternative for cleaning production water before disposal to the environment. Owing to the extreme physicochemical conditions of this water, only processes based on extremophiles can be used (Jackson and Pardue 1999; Bonfá et al. 2011). This idea stimulated extensive prospections of natural and artificial environments in order to find hyperhalophilic microorganisms with hydrocarbon-degrading capabilities. As a result, a number of these microorganisms, which belong to both the Archaea and Bacteria domains, have been obtained as pure cultures. Extremely halophilic archaeal strains of Halobacterium, Haloferax and Halococcus isolated from the Arabian Gulf were shown to degrade crude oil components such as n-octadecane, phenanthrene and benzene at high NaCl concentration (Al-Mailem et al. 2010, 2013, 2015). Importantly, several isolated strains belonging to the genera Haloarcula and Haloferax are able to degrade heptadecane and PAHs at NaCl concentrations >20% (Tapilatu et al. 2010; Bonfá et al. 2011; Erdoğmuş et al. 2013). More recently, another archaeon belonging to the genus Natrialba was described as a strain able to degrade aromatic compounds and to produce surfactant molecules (Khemili-Talbi et al. 2015). All these findings open an avenue for the use of hyperhalophiles as an emerging technological solution to solve the problem of saline water contamination.
Isolation and characterization of a novel thermophile; Bacillus haynesii, applied for the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Suriya Rehman, B. Rabindran Jermy, Sultan Akhtar, J. Francis Borgio, Sayed Abdul Azeez, Vijaya Ravinayagam, Reem Al Jindan, Zainab Hassan Alsalem, Abdullah Buhameid, Adil Gani
We also demonstrated that CDL3 is an extremophile for its ability to grow in the presence of 0–12% NaCl, making it halotolerant and up to the temperature of 55 °C, making it thermotolerant. Extremophiles are known to survive in the extreme environments to which they had adapted to grow; indeed it goes in favor of CDL3, which is isolated from a desert plant, an inhabitant of extreme hot climate and water scarcity condition [43]. During the study of cultural characteristic, it is assumed that CDL3 has the ability of retaining water, when grown at 50 to 55 °C, which is evident from the moist colonies on agar plate (Figure 1(A)), hence, making it thrive in extreme conditions. The structural analysis of B. haynesii by electron microscopy is previously unknown. Analysis by TEM shows, the features of structural organization of the spore, which may correlate with its physical and biological characteristics including the ability to survive at extreme conditions [44].
Fatty acids and survival of bacteria in Hammam Pharaon springs, Egypt
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2018
Yehia A. Osman, Mahmud Mokhtar Gbr, Ahmed Abdelrazak, Amr M. Mowafy
Extremophiles are members of the extreme environment-tolerant organisms, which belong to Archaea, eubacteria, and eukaryote. These group of organisms can live, survive and flourish at temperatures above 50 °C and may reach 80 °C and up [1]. The normal temperature sensitive macromolecules (enzymes, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids) have demonstrated tolerance/resistance to this denaturing high temperatures. This adaptability of the thermophiles and hyperthermophiles cellular components is simply described as thermostability. These thermophiles and hyperthermophiles bacteria have been isolated from different habitats including hydrothermal vents and deep ocean-basin cores. From amongst them Gram positive/negative, spore or non-spore forming bacteria were isolated which exhibited aerobic or anaerobic metabolism [2] (See Table 1).