China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Population and Community: Count Variables
Published in Song S. Qian, Mark R. DuFour, Ibrahim Alameddine, Bayesian Applications in Environmental and Ecological Studies with R and Stan, 2023
Song S. Qian, Mark R. DuFour, Ibrahim Alameddine
Data used in this study were collected from the Water Conservation Area - 2A (WCA2A) in the northern Everglades. WCA2A is a 547 km2 diked marsh with a mosaic of sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense Crantz) prairies and open water sloughs. It has been receiving agricultural runoff from the north for decades. As a result, a north to south phosphorus gradient has established [Craft and Richardson, 1993; Reddy et al., 1993; Urban et al., 1993].
Lifestyle and Diet
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Water pollution is any contamination of water with chemicals or other foreign substances that are detrimental to human, plant, or animal health (211). Due to the rapid growth of the world’s population and the development of industries, industrial and household waste in the environment, particularly in water, is also increasing considerably. Hence, natural water is now polluted everywhere. The main pollutants infecting water include fertilizers and pesticides from agricultural runoff; chemical wastes from pharmaceutical discharges; domestic sewage and food processing waste; plastic items for individual and collective use; and lead, mercury, and other heavy metals from different industries (212). Among them, plastic items are the main concern for ecosystems worldwide (213–214).
Conclusion
Published in Nate F. Cardarelli, Tin as a Vital Nutrient:, 2019
A vital trace nutrient must, perchance, be available to the using species. Since our concern is human life, this essentially means that (1) tin must be environmentally ubiquitous and (2) it must somehow leave the external environment and enter the individual, either through oral ingestion (water and food) or via airborne particles. The literature is not mute on this question — if one searches diligently. That human tissue contains appreciable quantities of tin has been reported by many as evidenced by the references given in Chapter 2. However, reports on tin content in soil and water are somewhat scarce. Since tin had no recognizable nutritional value, most researchers examining plant material turned their attention to zinc, copper, manganese, and the like — known vital elements — excluding tin from consideration.9–15 Tin has been sought in water courses, though usually in terms of contamination by agricultural runoff or manufacturing discharges.16 Again, see the references in Chapter 2 and the very enlightening report of Shimp et al.17 In all cases where those analyzing soil, plants, air, water, and animal tissue sought tin, they found it. Of course, those seeking tin may well have missed accurate analysis of concentration, since the in-use methods generally relied first on simple emission spectroscopy and later on atomic absorption and other elevated temperature techniques that overlooked the relatively high volatility of even inorganic tin compounds.
Adsorption of water pollutants using H3PO4-activated lignocellulosic agricultural waste: a mini review
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2023
Lawal Sirajo, Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini
Water is essential for every living creature, and none can survive without it. About 72% of the earth is encircled in water, over 97% of which is covered by salt water. So, only 3% is freshwater. Over 99.7% of the streams is stored in glaciers and groundwater aquifers, and freshwater is only about 0.3% (Nguyen 2015; Omer 2019). Due to the rapid growth of industry, infrastructure, and agricultural activities worldwide, fresh water has become more susceptible to pollution from domestic wastes, industrial wastewater, and agricultural runoff. The categories of water pollutants are physical pollutants (e.g. sediment or organic material suspended in water bodies from soil erosion), chemical pollutants (e.g. phosphate, nitrogen, bleach, salt, pesticides, metals, toxins produced by bacteria, and human or animal drugs), biological pollutants (e.g. bacteria, virus, protozoan, and parasites), and radiological pollutants (e.g. cesium, and uranium) (Gleick 1993; Maura et al. 2018).
Appraisal of surface water quality in vicinity of industrial areas and associated ecological and human health risks: a study on the Bangshi river in Bangladesh
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Mahmuda Binte Latif, Md. Abul Kalam Khalifa, Mir Md. Mozammal Hoque, Md. Shakir Ahammed, Alisha Islam, Md. Humayun Kabir, Tanmoy Roy Tusher
As a consequence of industrial expansion in Mirzapur region, industrial waste and effluents containing various heavy metals are supposed to release directly into the surround waterbodies, especially into the Bangshi river. Moreover, agricultural runoff and municipal wastewater discharge amplify the risks of river water pollution. Heavy metal contamination in aquatic environment is one of the major issues of concern because of its toxic and persistent character, which can severe problems because of their potential to be accumulated in living organisms as well as biomagnified at higher trophic levels (Zhan et al. 2010, Jiang et al. 2014). Thus, there is huge possibility of acceleration of river water pollution in Mirzapur region, which may cause severe detrimental effects on riverine ecosystem and neighboring dwellers by causing health issues through direct ingestion and dermal contact (Khan et al. 2011, Saha and Paul 2019). Earlier studies (e.g. Tokatli and Ustaoğlu 2020, Ustaoğlu et al. 2021) reported that peoples residing around industrial areas often suffer from different dermal diseases, gastric, ulcer and dysentery that may be linked to the consumption of polluted water. Therefore, an extensive research is needed to assess the water quality and quantify the level of contaminants i.e. trace/heavy metals in Bangshi river water which may be responsible for possible ecological and human health hazards.
Contamination and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in water and sediment from hubs of fish resource river in a developing country
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Mir Mohammad Ali, Mohammad Lokman Ali, Md. Refat Jahan Rakib, Md. Saiful Islam, Ahasan Habib, Shaharior Hossen, Khalid A. Ibrahim, Abubakr M. Idris, Khamphe Phoungthong
Industrialization and urbanization in the coastal ecosystem have evolved at an enormously rapid pace in recent decades (Ali et al. 2016; Ustaoğlu and Islam 2020), with growing quantities of HMs released into the rivers due to human activities posing an acute risk to the environment (Milacic et al. 2019; Kormoker et al. 2019a,b, 2020a,b). Human activities such as industrialization (Ali et al. 2018a), urbanization (Nour et al. 2019), agricultural runoff (Islam et al. 2016), usage of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in an offensive way (Ke et al. 2017; Zhou et al. 2018; Kahal et al. 2020), municipal waste disposal (Jiang et al. 2018) and transport (Duan and Li 2017) lead to the release of HMs into the aquatic setting (Ruiz-Compean et al. 2017; Ding et al. 2018; Yang et al. 2018; Ali et al. 2020). Via geological weathering (Guan et al. 2018), atmospheric precipitation (Zhan et al. 2020), and bioturbation can increase their toxicity (Rajeshkumar et al. 2018), and possible danger to aquatic species (Shaheen et al. 2019) and human health, HMs can also be released into the aquatic ecosystem (Pandey et al. 2019; Shen et al. 2019). However, anthropogenic activities are the main explanation for the accumulation of HMs in sediment and water that pollute the overall aquatic ecosystem of a river (Li et al. 2017; Ali et al. 2020).