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Infertility
Published in Swati Goyal, Essentials of Abdomino-Pelvic Sonography, 2018
Most common cause of infertility → Tubal pathologyTubal obstruction d/t infection, endometriosisSalpingitis isthmica nodosa (SIN)—Multiple small diverticulae in proximal 2/3 of tubeTubal spasm (Cornual portion of tube is encased by smooth muscle of uterus.)Spasmolytic agent → Muscle relaxation → Tube opacification on HSGTB Salpingitis—a/w calcified lymph nodesHydrosalpinx—Distended tube → Cystic, hypoechoic retort-shaped appearance with incomplete septationsPyosalpinx—Peritubal adhesions → adnexal loculated fluid collections.
Ultrasonography in assisted reproduction
Published in David K. Gardner, Ariel Weissman, Colin M. Howles, Zeev Shoham, Textbook of Assisted Reproductive Techniques, 2017
Laurel Stadtmauer, Kay Waud, David P. Cohen, ILAN Tur-Kaspa
The disadvantages of HyCoSy include the difficulty at times of following the passage of contrast through the entire length of the fallopian tube and the difficulty of visualizing the tube in a single plane. Therefore, 2D HyCoSy requires significant skill on the part of the ultrasonographer (130). If positive contrast media are used, it can be challenging to diffrentiate the echogenicity of the contrast material from the surrounding bowel. Therefore, the visualization of true spill from the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube and visualization of the fimbria remain difficult. Tubal pathology such as mucosal folds or salpingitis isthmica nodosa cannot be evaluated using HyCoSy. Still, from the meta-analysis, 3D HyCoSy has been shown to be an accurate test for diagnosing tubal occlusion in women with infertility.
Test Paper 4
Published in Teck Yew Chin, Susan Cheng Shelmerdine, Akash Ganguly, Chinedum Anosike, Get Through, 2017
Teck Yew Chin, Susan Cheng Shelmerdine, Akash Ganguly, Chinedum Anosike
Sagittal transvaginal US scan demonstrates a tubular-shaped cystic mass with several incomplete septa and indentations on opposite sides of the mass, often described as the ‘waist’ sign. What is the likely diagnosis? Paraovarian cystHydrosalpinxTubal pregnancySalpingitis isthmica nodosaPeritoneal inclusion cyst
Hilus cell heterotopia of fallopian tube: a rare and incidental finding with high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion of cervix
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2020
Yu-Hsuan Hu, Chen-Tang Yu, Mei-Chin Wen
It is interesting that patients with hilus cell heterotopia have other pathologic processes going on in their gynaecologic tracts. Such pathology includes leiomyoma, serous cystadenoma, endometrial carcinoma, endometriosis, salpingitis isthmica nodosa, teratoma, peritoneal carcinomatosis, and mucinous adenocarcinoma (Usubütün et al. 2007; Hirschowitz et al. 2011; Ansari et al. 2014; He et al. 2014). The clinicopathological summary of all hilus cell heterotopia reported in the literature is listed in Supplementary Table S1.