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Breast Cancer
Published in Dongyou Liu, Tumors and Cancers, 2017
Tumors of the breast include (1) epithelial tumors (invasive ductal carcinoma [IDC] not otherwise specified [NOS] [mixed-type carcinoma, pleomorphic carcinoma, carcinoma with osteoclastic giant cells, carcinoma with choriocarcinomatous features, carcinoma with melanotic features], invasive lobular carcinoma [ILC], tubular carcinoma, invasive cribriform carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma and other tumors with abundant mucin [mucinous carcinoma, cystadenocarcinoma and columnar cell mucinous carcinoma, signet ring cell carcinoma], neuroendocrine tumors [solid neuroendocrine carcinoma, atypical carcinoid tumor, small cell or oat cell carcinoma, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma], invasive papillary carcinoma, invasive micropapillary carcinoma, apocrine carcinoma, metaplastic carcinomas [pure epithelial metaplastic carcinomas—squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma with spindle cell metaplasia, adenosquamous carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma; mixed epithelial or mesenchymal metaplastic carcinomas], lipid-rich carcinoma, secretory carcinoma, oncocytic carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma, glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma, sebaceous carcinoma, inflammatory carcinoma, lobular neoplasia [lobular carcinoma in situ, or LCIS], intraductal proliferative lesions [usual ductal hyperplasia, flat epithelial atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ], microinvasive carcinoma, intraductal papillary neoplasms [central papilloma, peripheral papilloma, atypical papilloma, intraductal papillary carcinoma, intracystic papillary carcinoma], benign epithelial proliferations [adenosis including variants—sclerosing adenosis, apocrine adenosis, blunt duct adenosis, microglandular adenosis, adenomyoepithelial adenosis; radial scar or complex sclerosing lesion; adenomas—tubular adenoma, lactating adenoma, apocrine adenoma, pleomorphic adenoma, ductal adenoma]), (2) myoepithelial lesions (myoepitheliosis, adenomyoepithelial adenosis, adenomyoepithelioma, malignant myoepithelioma), (3) mesenchymal tumors (hemangioma, angiomatosis, hemangiopericytoma, pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia, myofibroblastoma, fibromatosis—aggressive, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, lipoma [angiolipoma], granular cell tumor, neurofibroma, schwannoma, angiosarcoma, liposarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma), (4) fibroepithelial tumors (fibroadenoma, phyllodes tumor [benign, borderline, malignant], periductal stromal sarcoma—low grade, mammary hamartoma), (5) tumors of the nipple (nipple adenoma, syringomatous adenoma, Paget disease of the nipple), (6) malignant lymphoma (diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, extranodal marginal-zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue [MALT] type, follicular lymphoma), (7) metastatic tumors, and (8) tumors of the male breast (gynecomastia, carcinoma [invasive, in situ]) [1,2].
Bilateral multicenter pseudohemangiomatous interstitial hyperplasia of the breast: a case report
Published in Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2023
Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia (PASH) is a benign breast disease defined microscopically by the proliferation of mammary stroma. It often presents clinically as an incidental finding during the evaluation of other benign or malignant lesions, or less commonly as a palpable, well-circumscribed breast mass [1,2]. Imaging studies are unable to distinguish PASH from other benign tumors such as fibroadenomas or phyllodes tumors [3]. Hence, the final diagnosis of PASH relies on histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) [4]. Local mass removal is a common surgical procedure but recurrence can occur, especially in patients with multifocal PASH [5]. The clinical manifestations of PASH include a tumor-forming lesion (tumorous PASH) or gigantomastia (diffuse PASH). Most of the cases addressed in the past were unilateral tumour PASH, and very few cases of bilateral PASH have been recorded [5,6]. In this article, we describe a rare case of bilateral multicenter tumorous PASH in a patient that underwent total mastectomy and one-stage implant-based breast reconstruction. The patient was then observed for 18 months with very good results in terms of tumor recurrence and breast appearance.
Pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia: an unsuspected cause of anisomasty
Published in Case Reports in Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2020
Fabio Santanelli di Pompeo, Michail Sorotos, Francesca Passarelli, Valeria Berrino, Guido Firmani, Harm Winters, Guido Paolini
No palpable masses were identified on the right breast, while on the left breast a large firm mass was presently occupying all quadrants. Endocrinology consultation was negative since blood analysis revealed prolactin levels 24.8 ng/ml at time 0, 21.3 ng/ml at 15′ and 18.3 ng/ml at 30′ (range 2–29 ng/ml), TSH was 1.670 μIU/ml (range 0.4–4 μIU/ml), growth hormone 0.31 ng/ml (1–14 ng/ml) and the patient had a normal menstruation cycle. Ultrasound showed a solid nodular mass of at least 10 cm diameter with compacted glandular characteristics, contrast-enhanced MRI imaging confirmed a coarse formation of 90 × 70 mm, capsulated, with uneven uptake after contrast enhancer, likely a benign lesion, BRADS 3. Core needle biopsy (CNB) was carried out and resulted in the diagnosis of Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia (PASH).