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Ampicillin–Sulbactam
Published in M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson, Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Petros I. Rafailidis, Matthew E. Falagas
Anaerobes are susceptible to AMP/S include Clostridium spp., Peptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp., and Bacter-oides spp. such as B. fragilis (Rafailidis et al., 2007).
Factors Affecting the Microflora of the Lower Genital Tract of Healthy Women
Published in Michael J. Hill, Philip D. Marsh, Human Microbial Ecology, 2020
Anaerobic Gram-positive cocci have been reported (Table 3) in up to 80% of premenopausal women.14 Hill14 fully identified all isolates and found that peptococci were more common than peptostreptococci, isolation rates of 58 and 31%, respectively, were reported. The most prevalent species of Peptococcus were P. asaccharolyticus, P. prevotii, and P. magnus in comparison with Peptostreptococcus which were predominately P. anaerobius. This pattern was also shown by Bartlett et al.,10 but most other studies have not speciated the anaerobic Gram-positive cocci. Both studies were of healthy adult women and it must, therefore, be assumed to be representative of the species found in most premenopausal women. Conversely, there are studies where the reported prevalence of anaerobic cocci is considerably lower,22,23 for example, Lindner et al.23 reported only 4% of women colonized with Gram-positive cocci. It is also probable, in view of more recent reports, that this was due to technical difficulties. Hill also described the presence of microaerophilic or anaerobic streptococci, including Str. intermedius, Str. morbillorum, and Str. constellatus in the vagina, but these organisms were encountered only infrequently in comparison to the peptostreptococci and peptococci. Anaerobic Gram-positive bacilli have been isolated frequently and are predominately anaerobic lactobacilli.9,10,14 A range of species of such lactobacilli (Table 1) has been reported, including L. fermentum, L. minutus, L. delbrueckii, and L. acidophilus.14 The variety of species found indicates that anaerobic lactobacilli also comprise a heterogeneous group. Hill found that a significant number of the lactobacilli could not be speciated using accepted classifications14 and this may suggest the presence of as yet unidentified lactobacilli. Other Gram-positive bacilli that have been isolated, usually from less than 20% of patients, include strains of Eubacterium, Bifidobacterium, Propionibacterium, and Clostridium (Table 4).
Gut microbiota transplantation drives the adoptive transfer of colonic genotype-phenotype characteristics between mice lacking catestatin and their wild type counterparts
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Pamela González-Dávila, Markus Schwalbe, Arpit Danewalia, René Wardenaar, Boushra Dalile, Kristin Verbeke, Sushil K Mahata, Sahar El Aidy
Next, possible associations between the colonic microbiota, which was transferred from the donor to the recipient genotypes (Figure 1), and the core regulatory genes (Figure 3D) were explored using pairwise Pearson correlations. The correlation analysis revealed that 41% of the core differentially expressed genes were associated with at least one microbial taxon, which were detected to be significantly differentially abundant, only in the WTFMT-CST−KO recipient group (Supplementary Excel Sheet 2). The associations between core network gene expression and taxon abundance, as well as interaction among the query proteins, were further visualized (Figure 3E). Five main clusters were identified, among them, one was found to be less connected to the others, mostly containing low-degree taxon nodes. Ruminococcus, Harryflintia, and Peptococcus had the most correlations among the taxa (average of 29 correlations), while Klb, Klk15, and Myl7 were the most connected genes (6, 5, and 6 edges, respectively). Genes from the core T-cell cluster and generally immune-related genes connected to Peptococcus, Harryflintia, NK4214 group, Desulfovibrio, and Ruminococcus. Genes from the energy metabolism cluster did not show any apparent significant correlations to any of the taxa, while genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis (including core gene cluster 3), such as Mttp, Acbg5/8, and Slc51b were correlated with Turicibacter, Peptococcus, Parasutterella, Desulfovibrio, and Bilophila.
Sex-specific differences in the salivary microbiome of caries-active children
Published in Journal of Oral Microbiology, 2019
Stephanie Ortiz, Elisa Herrman, Claudia Lyashenko, Anne Purcell, Kareem Raslan, Brandon Khor, Michael Snow, Anna Forsyth, Dongseok Choi, Tom Maier, Curtis A. Machida
The salivary microbiota has direct and significant implications on oral and systemic health, and may influence the development of dental caries and other dental diseases, including endodontic infections and periodontal disease. Salivary microorganisms commonly found to be associated with caries include Atopobium, Streptococcus, and Veillonella [23–25]. Other salivary microorganisms associated with caries also include members from Actinobaculum, Aggregatibacter, Rothia, Granulicatella, Gemella, Actinomyces, Selenomonas, Haemophilus, Megaspora, Prevotella, Bacteroides, and Bifidobacterium [23–27]. Caries-associated bacteria within the Prevotella genus include Prevotella denticola and Prevotella histicola [28,29]. Conversely, a number of salivary microorganisms are associated with caries-free status, including Porphyromonas pasteri, Streptococcus Genus Probe 4, Bergeyella species HOT 322, and Corynebacterium durum [23,30,31]. Microbiota identified within caries-free individuals also include Actinomyces, Bergeyella, Campylobacter, Granulicatella, Kingella, Leptotrichia, Shuttleworthia satelles, Rothia, Treponema, Peptococcus, Porphyromonas catoniae, and N. flavescens [23,25,30,32]. Microorganisms associated with endodontic infections include P. denticola, Granulicatella adiacens, and Capnocytophaga sputigena [28,33–36].
Effects of a high-phosphorus diet on the gut microbiota in CKD rats
Published in Renal Failure, 2021
Guoxin Ye, Wei Yang, Zhaori Bi, Liya Huang, Fang Liu
In humans, the gut microbiota has the largest numbers of bacteria and the greatest number of species [9]. The composition of human gut microbiota changes over time, when the diet changes, and as overall health changes [9]. Researchers found that the four dominant bacterial phyla in the human gut are Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria [10]. Most bacteria belong to the genera Bacteroides, Clostridium, Faecalibacterium, Eubacterium, Ruminococcus, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, and Bifidobacterium, other genera, such as Escherichia and Lactobacillus, are present to a lesser extent [11].