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The Endocrine System and Its Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
Ovarian dysfunction can be diagnosed by laboratory determination of serum or urinary estrogen levels or by measurement of total urinary estrogen excretion. The luteinizing hormone (LH) urine test detects the presence of LH in the urine, thus impending ovulation. Endometrial biopsy documents the occurrence of ovulation. Ultrasonography can distinguish between single and multiple follicular growth.
Inborn errors of metabolism
Published in Angus Clarke, Alex Murray, Julian Sampson, Harper's Practical Genetic Counselling, 2019
Prenatal diagnosis is feasible, but decisions about prenatal diagnosis and the termination of affected pregnancies is difficult for some parents in view of the relatively good outcome of treatment for physical health in most cases, although many treated children have a degree of intellectual disability. The various options and their consequences must be fully discussed with the couple concerned before a decision is made. Pituitary-ovarian dysfunction may result in infertility in treated women.
Menstrual-Cycle-Related Disorders
Published in Jane M. Ussher, Joan C. Chrisler, Janette Perz, Routledge International Handbook of Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2019
Nancy Fugate Woods, Nancy J. Kenney
Symptoms of PCOS typically begin in adolescence and progress gradually. Androgen excess symptoms include hirsutism, acne, alopecia, and seborrhea; approximately 60% of women diagnosed with PCOS experience these. Ovarian dysfunction symptoms include menstrual dysfunction, such as oligomenorrhea or periods of amenorrhea, subfertility, and endometrial hyperplasia, which are experienced by approximately 17–33% of women with PCOS. Together, androgen excess and ovarian dysfunction symptoms are associated with insulin resistance and metabolic comorbidities. Weight gain is another common symptom among women with PCOS; it can exacerbate anovulation and hirsutism, and weight loss in overweight or obese women can increase the frequency of ovulation in those with and without PCOS (Dunaif & Fauser, 2013).
Biochemical measures of ovarian function in female survivors of retinoblastoma treated with intra-arterial melphalan: an initial report
Published in Ophthalmic Genetics, 2022
Priya H. Marathe, Ira J. Dunkel, Jasmine H. Francis, Zoltan Antal, Y. Pierre Gobin, David H. Abramson, Danielle N. Friedman
This is a single-institutional, retrospective, IRB-approved study of female retinoblastoma survivors treated at a tertiary cancer center. Eligible participants included biological females treated for retinoblastoma with melphalan-based OAC between 2006 and 2019 with attained age ≥10 years and at least one set of gonadotropins (follicle stimulating hormone [FSH] and luteinizing hormone [LH]) available for review in the electronic medical record. Patients who received alkylating agents systemically, such as individuals treated with chemotherapy-based autologous stem cell transplantation, were excluded, as myeloablative chemotherapy is a known independent risk factor for ovarian dysfunction (6). Data on treatment exposures, gonadotropins, menstrual regularity, and Tanner staging were abstracted from the medical record. Ovarian dysfunction was defined as FSH and LH values both >12 IU/mL (7). Symptoms of ovarian dysfunction were defined as menstrual irregularity, hot flashes, and emotional lability.
Quality of life and sexual function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a comprehensive review
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2020
Camil Castelo-Branco, Iuliia Naumova
Hormonal and metabolic abnormalities in PCOS are well studied and are characterized by impaired ovarian steroidogenesis, gonadotropic dysfunction, impaired concentration of sex steroids, and impaired folliculogenesis [7,8]. Because of the disturbance of steroidogenesis, the synthesis and concentration of androgens increases, causing an excessive effect in androgen-dependent tissues. The more pronounced ovarian dysfunction and the longer the disease, the more severe the clinical manifestations of hyperandrogenism [9]. PCOS complaints such as clinical hyperandrogenism, anovulation, menstrual irregularities can lead to a significant decrease in the quality of life, mood disorders, including depression, marital and social maladjustment and sexual dysfunction. For these reasons, we designed the present comprehensive review with the aim to systematize data recorded on PCOS and quality of life and sexual function.
Outcomes of random start versus clomiphene citrate and gonadotropin cycles in occult premature ovarian insufficiency patients, refusing oocyte donation: a retrospective cohort study
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2018
Safak Hatirnaz, Alper Basbug, Suleyman Akarsu, Ebru Hatirnaz, Hakan Demirci, Michael H Dahan
POI was first introduced in the medical literature by Fuller Albright in 1942, by emphasizing that insufficiency (rather than abnormal gonadotropin secretion) is an end-stage primary ovarian functional defect [3]. POI is defined as amenorrhea of more than four months accompanied by increased serum FSH levels >40 IU/L with low estrogenic status (i.e. <50 pg/mL) in patients younger than 40 years. OPOI, the stage preceding POI, is defined as ovarian function deviation that derives from premature exhaustion of the primordial follicles, with some menstrual competency and abnormal ovarian reserve test results [4]. Another term used in the context of ovarian dysfunction is ‘ovarian aging,’ which is taken to the extreme in OPOI. POF is a menopausal state, and the end stage of ovarian aging [22,23]. Apart from subfertility and infertility, POI brings the risk of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, neuropsychiatric deprivations, and diminished sexual desire [24].