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Macromolecular Absorption From The Digestive Tract In Young Vertebrates
Published in Károly Baintner, Intestinal Absorption of Macromolecules and Immune Transmission from Mother to Young, 2019
The postcolostral animal may remain hypogammaglobulinemic due to restricted suckling, low IgG content of maternal lacteal secretions, or unknown causes.948 Suckling may be hindered by agalactia, udder disease, pendulous udder, excitability of the mother or weakness of the young.172 In the too-cold stall, the piglets gather under the infrared lamp and are not willing to approach the sow. In certain calf-raising systems, the newborn is immediately separated from the cow after birth and gets colostrum from bottle or bucket. It may occur that a negligent nightman leaves the night-born calf unsuckled till morning; meanwhile, the transmissive ability begins to decline. Delays up to 12 hr frequently occur under farm conditions.1446 In a state farm using such a management system, regular checking of the gamma-globulin level of day-old calves was followed by dramatic improvement in the work of the responsible persons and decreased the proportion of hypogammaglobulinemic calves.864 On the farm, convenient, rapid, semiquantitative tests are preferred, e.g., the sodium sulfite precipitation test of Pfeiffer and McGuire.1139
Ergot Alkaloids
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
Clinically, ergot alkaloid poisoning in mammals may manifest as (1) convulsive ergotism (writhing, tremors, twisted neck or head tilt [torticollis], confusion, hallucinations, tingling sensation underneath the skin [formication], and death); (2) gangrenous ergotism (vasoconstriction, hot and cold feelings in the extremities, cold skin, spontaneous abortion, heat stress, severe lameness, reduced feed intake, reduced growth rate, reduced milk production, agalactia, gangrene, and loss of limb); (3) enteroergotism (nausea, vomiting, somnolence, and giddiness); and (4) hyperthermic ergotism (fever, diarrhea, clear nasal discharge, weight loss, labored breathing, increased metabolic rate, excessive salivation, and low levels of prolactin).
Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Nettle is cited as a folk remedy for cancerous ulcers, inflamed and/or edematous tumors, and, specifically, cancer of the breast, ear, face, feet, lungs, joints, mouth, nostrils, spleen, stomach, womb, etc.4 In Russia, leaves enter the preparation “Alochol”, used for chronic hepatitis, cholangitis, cholecystitis, and habitual constipation.30 Russians also recommend the herb for bronchial asthma.332 Roots and seed are prescribed as a vermifuge. Clinical experiments are said to have confirmed the utility of the herb as a hemostatic. It is also used in anemia, asthma, bronchitis, constipation, diabetes, diarrhea, dropsy, dysentery, dysmenorrhea, dyspnea, epistaxis, gastritis, gravel, hematoptysis, headache, jaundice, malaria, menorrhea, nephritis, neuralgia, palsy, paralysis, pertussis, piles, rheumatism, sciatica, and tuberculosis, and as a hair tonic. Algerians powder nettle and jasmine for gonorrhea.38 Roots are diuretic. Juice of the plants is used as an external irritant. Decoction of plant is anthel-mentic, antiseptic, astringent, depurative, diuretic, emmenagogue, rubefacient, and vasoconstrictor. Homeopaths prescribe a tincture of the flowering plant for agalactia, beestings, burns, colic, dysentery, erysipelas, erythema, gout, gravel, hemorrhage, lactation, leucorrhea, malaria, menorrhagia, phlegmasia, preventing calculus, renitis, rheumatism, sore throat, splenitis, uremia, urticaria, vertigo, whooping cough, and worms.
Comparative study on the metabolism of the ergot alkaloids ergocristine, ergocryptine, ergotamine, and ergovaline in equine and human S9 fractions and equine liver preparations
Published in Xenobiotica, 2019
Wiebke Rudolph, Daniela Remane, Dirk K. Wissenbach, Frank T. Peters
The symbiosis of certain fungi and pasture grasses can be beneficiary for the plants reducing various biotic and abiotic stress factors. Part of these effects result from the production of toxic alkaloids by the colonizing fungi. One group of alkaloids relevant in this context are the ergopeptine alkaloids like ergotamine or ergovaline. The mechanism of ergovaline toxicity is not fully understood, but this alkaloid probably has vasoconstrictory effects being a partial agonist at 5-HT receptors and α-adrenoreceptors as well as an agonist at D2-receptors (Cross et al., 1995; Gooneratne et al., 2012; Strickland et al., 2011). Altogether, the symptomatology of ergovaline poisoning is very similar to ergotism, which is caused by ergotamine. However, ergotism is only rarely reported these days (Klotz et al., 2008). Ergovaline is suspected to be a causative agent for fescue toxicosis (FT), a disease of grazing animals characterized in horses by symptoms like prolonged gestation, dystocia, decreased serum prolactin with reduced milk production up to agalactia, weak and dysmature foals, generally reduced pregnancy rates, and intolerance to heat with extensive sweating. Its vasoconstrictory effects are further thought to be responsible for development of the so called fescue foot associated with swelling around fetlocks and hoof region, lameness, and gangrene of ears and tails especially in cattle (Cross et al., 1995; Strickland et al., 2009).
Saffron and its derivatives, crocin, crocetin and safranal: a patent review
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2018
Maryam Rameshrad, Bibi Marjan Razavi, Hossein Hosseinzadeh
Several polyherbal formulations containing saffron have been patented to treat sexual and urogenital problems. These patents are formulated against benign prostatic hyperplasia [154], gynecologic diseases [155], amenorrhea [149], dysmenorrhea [156–159], endocrine dysfunction [160], premature ovarian failure [161], hypofunction of ovary [162], recurrent spontaneous abortion [163], chronic pelvic inflammation [164], gynecological pelvic mass [165], uterus myoma [166], and postpartum agalactia [167] (Table 5).