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Youth Hockey
Published in Mark R. Lovell, Ruben J. Echemendia, Jeffrey T. Barth, Michael W. Collins, Traumatic Brain Injury in Sports, 2020
Rudolph Hatfield, Linas Bieliauskas, Paula Begloff, Brett Steinberg, Mary Kauszler
From a practical aspect, the psychometric test results suggest that decreased memory for verbal material may be the cognitive ability that demonstrates the greatest initial decline following a concussion in younger athletes, even when the player experiences a low grade concussion. Moreover, recovery rates for verbal memory loss in younger individuals may vary substantially. Recovery was not felt to be affected by the severity of the concussion in this small sample as all players were judged to have experienced a Grade 1 concussion based on the sideline assessment performed by a qualified coach or trainer. Verbal memory is a complicated process that is composed of several different processes that includes but certainly is not limited to attention, consolidation, and retrieval. This finding, while based on a very small sample, suggests that perhaps more focus should be placed on assessing verbal information processing, verbal recall, effects of interference on learning and recall for verbal material, and recovery rates for junior league players experiencing a concussion. Larger sample sizes (perhaps by utilizing many different teams in large scale collaborative studies) and using other sophisticated measures such as the Wechsler Memory Scale-III or the California Verbal Learning Test-II might help provide further information concerning recovery rates and potential residual effects following a concussion. However, many of these tests do not have multiple parallel forms and therefore may be particularly suspect to practice effects.
Neuroscience
Published in Bhaskar Punukollu, Michael Phelan, Anish Unadkat, MRCPsych Part 1 In a Box, 2019
Bhaskar Punukollu, Michael Phelan, Anish Unadkat
Memory functions are represented in the hippocampal gyrus. With dominant lobe lesions, verbal memory is affected. In non-dominant lesions memory of music, faces and drawings may be affected. Pathology involving the dominant lobe may therefore present as a semantic impairment with fluent dysphasia and receptive language difficulties.
The cognitive and neurobiological effects of obstructive sleep apnea
Published in Philip N. Murphy, The Routledge International Handbook of Psychobiology, 2018
Melinda L. Jackson, Rachel Schembri
Memory is a complex cognitive function, which includes a number of sub-components. Short-term memory is usually described in terms of visual or verbal memory. Long-term memory can be divided into two components – procedural memory and declarative memory. The former refers to unconscious memories of how to do things (e.g., tie a shoe lace). In contrast, declarative memory refers to memories that are consciously recalled, either facts (semantic memory, e.g., the names of different types of roses) or events (episodic memory, e.g., the first day of school). Thus, episodic memory involves recall of personal events whereas semantic memory involves recollection of facts that may have been learnt at that event.
Brain fog in menopause: a health-care professional’s guide for decision-making and counseling on cognition
Published in Climacteric, 2022
Research studies validate patients’ cognitive complaints at menopause.Difficulties in learning and verbal memory are especially common.These difficulties emerge in perimenopause when menstrual cycles become irregular and cycles are skipped.While these complaints are troublesome to women, normal range of function is typically maintained; about 11–13% of women show clinically significant impairment.The timing of these changes suggests an etiology linked to hormones and menopause symptoms rather than AD, which is rare at this time.
Neurocognitive profile of adolescents with early-onset schizophrenia and their unaffected siblings
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2022
Nora S. Vyas, Lisa Burke, Siobhan Netherwood, Paul Caviston, Mima Simic, Monte S. Buchsbaum
The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) (Wechsler 1981) or child equivalent, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 3rd edition (WISC-III) (Wechsler 1991) was used to measure intelligence quotient. To enable comparability across all age groups in the child and adult scale in this study, the WISC-III scores were converted into WAIS-R equivalents based on Tables 5.12 and 5.13 of the WISC-III manual recommendations (Wechsler 1991, p. 92–93). Verbal memory was measured using the California Verbal Learning Test (Delis et al. 1987). The Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R; Wechsler 1987) was used to assess forward and backward digit span, verbal memory, visual memory, general memory, attention, and delayed recall indices. The degraded-stimulus CPT (Nuechterlein et al. 1983) measured vigilance and sustained attention. Selective attention and processing speed was measured using the Span of Apprehension test (SPAN) (Asarnow et al. 1991) and the TMT-A (Reitan 1958), respectively. The WCST (Heaton et al. 1993) and TMT-B measured executive function.
Assessment of cognitive performances in major depressed patients: a 6-month follow-up study
Published in International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 2021
Bianca Daniela Suciu, Ramona Liana Păunescu, Ioana Valentina Micluţia
During the depression phase, almost all cognitive functions revealed significant statistical deficits (p<.001) when the patients were compared to healthy controls. Our data and the results from Wagner et al. study, which also evaluated patients with MDD, found important deficits on semantic verbal fluency when compared with normal subjects (Wagner et al. 2012). In contrast, McLure did not find any verbal fluency impairments in a young depressed group compared to normal controls (McClure et al. 1997). Verbal memory was another cognitive area affected in the present study. For all five verbal memory trials, depressed patients recorded each time a smaller number of words, when compared to controls and also, there was a smaller progression in the number of words remembered after each try, these results being consistent with another study (Dario et al. 2019).