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Cranial Neuropathies I, V, and VII–XII
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Cavernous sinus (V1, V2)/superior orbital fissure (V1): Aneurysm of carotid siphon or ophthalmic artery.Carotid–cavernous fistula.Cavernous sinus thrombosis.Sarcoidosis.Tolosa–Hunt syndrome: a rare condition that manifests as subacute onset of severe unilateral orbital pain which may be accompanied by a sensory disturbance in V1 and sometimes V2 distribution, and ocular motor (III, IV, and VI cranial) nerve palsies. It is caused by a chronic inflammation behind and/or within the orbit.Infectious etiologies.Tumors (Figure 21.7).
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Published in Calver Pang, Ibraz Hussain, John Mayberry, Pre-Clinical Medicine, 2017
Calver Pang, Ibraz Hussain, John Mayberry
This scenario describes the condition of myasthenia gravis, which is an autoimmune condition mediated by antibodies to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the junction between the nerve and muscle. Option A describes the condition Lambert-Eaton. Option B describes the condition multiple sclerosis. Option D describes the Tolosa–Hunt syndrome.
Orofacial Pain Syndromes and Other Facial Neuralgias
Published in Gary W. Jay, Clinician’s Guide to Chronic Headache and Facial Pain, 2016
Patients with Tolosa—Hunt syndrome (THS), an uncommon disorder, may present with typically severe retro-orbital or periorbital pain which begins acutely. It can be described as constant and “boring.” It is associated, typically after the pain begins, and although it may be the first issue- with diplopia associated with opthalmoparesis. Visual loss may occur if inflammation extends to and affects the optic nerve. If the first division of the trigeminal nerve is involved, the patient may also experience paresthesias along the forehead. The problem is most commonly unilateral (46).
Acquired Ophthalmoplegia in Older Children and Adults
Published in Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, 2018
The anatomy of the orbital apex is significant for the complex association between bony, neural, and vascular elements.10 Orbital apex syndrome is a term used to describe ophthalmoplegia involving all the cranial nerves entering the orbit through the superior orbital fissure with associated optic neuropathy as it also affects the optic canal.6,7 Tolosa–Hunt syndrome presents as a painful ophthalmoplegia involving the trigeminal nerve, but excluding the optic nerve, and for which no pathology can be determined. It may be caused by idiopathic granulomatous inflammation between the orbit and superior orbital fissure. It is a diagnosis of exclusion.6,7
Nutritional Supplement and Functional Food Use Among Medical Students in India
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2018
Nitin Joseph, Abhinav Kumar, Harjas Singh, Mohammed Shaheen, Kriti Das, Apurva Shrivastava
Sixty-six (62.3%) users used NSs on a daily or more than once daily basis (Table 5). Among the users, anemia was treated with iron capsules in eight cases and with zinc and folic acid tablets in one case each. Hair loss was treated with multivitamin and multimineral tablets in two cases and with Ayurvedic tablets in one case. Vitamin B complex deficiencies were treated with vitamin B capsules in three cases. Myalgia and vitamin D deficiency were treated with vitamin D tablets in one case. Tolosa Hunt Syndrome was treated using nerve tonics in one case.
Recurrent Painful Ophthalmoplegic Neuropathy with Unilateral Oculomotor and Trochlear Nerve Palsy in an 8-year-old Girl
Published in Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, 2022
Javad Akhondian, Farah Ashrafzadeh, Farrokh Seilanian Toosi, Mahla Esmaeilzadeh, Mehran Beiraghi Toosi, Shima Imannezhad, Nazanin Saeedi Zand, Narges Hashemi
2. Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. As with RPON, cranial nerve palsy can appear in 2 weeks after the headache onset. The distinguishing point of this condition and RPON is imaging, revealing granulomatous inflammation of the cavernous sinus and superior orbital fissure.2