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Anatomy
Published in Stanley A. Gelfand, Hearing, 2017
The medial geniculate body (MGB) of the thalamus is the highest subcortical way station of the auditory pathway; and has been described in great detail by Winer (1984, 1985, 1991, 1992) and Jones (2003, 2007). Unlike other way stations along the ascending auditory pathway, all fibers reaching the MGB will synapse here; moreover, the right and left MGBs are not connected by commissural pathways. The MGB is typically described as being composed of ventral, dorsal, and medial divisions, which are relatively similar in humans and other mammals. The ventral division receives auditory signals from the central nucleus of the IC (and nonauditory inputs from the reticular nucleus of the thalamus and the ventrolateral medullary nucleus). It projects mainly to the primary auditory cortex, as well as to some other cortical auditory areas. The dorsal division receives auditory signals from the IC and nonauditory information from a variety of brainstem and thalamic inputs and projects mainly to the auditory association cortex as well as to a wide variety of other cortical sites. The medial division receives a wide range of both auditory inputs (from the IC, perolivary nuclei of the SOC, and the ventral nucleus of the LL), multisensory nonauditory inputs (from the spinal cord, superior colliculus, vestibular nuclei, and spinal cord), and projects to diverse areas of the cortex, including the somatosensory and prefrontal cortices. The auditory (geniculocortical or thalamocortical) radiations project ipsilaterally from the MGB to the auditory cortex, which is located in the temporal lobe.
Thalamocortical neural responses during hyperthermia: a resting-state functional MRI study
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2018
Jing Zhang, Shaowen Qian, Qingjun Jiang, Guanzhong Gong, Kai Liu, Bo Li, Yong Yin, Gang Sun
With unique cytoarchitecture and firing patterns in human brain, the thalamus acts as a core structure that contains wide-spread connections with distinct zones of the cerebral cortex, named thalamocortical network previously [13,14], providing a valuable approach for imaging cortical–subcortical neural activity [15]. The thalamus acts as a key hub of spinothalamic tract and thalamocortical radiations, involving with both sensory information transmission from bottom neural activity and cognition processing from top neural activity [16]. The former one supports the information transmission of pain, temperature, touch and pressure, whereas the latter one contains a large number of fibres that extend from different nuclei of the thalamus and projects to visual cortex, somatosensory cortex, auditory cortex and prefrontal cortex, supporting high-level functions, such as consciousness regulation, alertness, executive control and so on. During recent years, emerging studies using functional connectivity and structural diffusion tracts have demonstrated that thalamocortical connectivity acts as a remarkable indicator for altered cortical–subcortical brain activity in schizophrenia, epilepsy and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [14,17–19].