China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
James A. Mastrianni, Elizabeth A. Harris
Difficulty generating or recalling familiar words followed by progressive loss of assigned meaning: Impaired confrontational naming.Impaired single-word comprehension.Impaired object knowledge.Circumlocution.Surface dyslexia.Dysgraphia.Prosopagnosia.Relative sparing of repetition and fluency.Behavioral symptoms may emerge with disease progression.
Developmental Dyslexia
Published in Ivanka V. Asenova, Brain Lateralization and Developmental Disorders, 2018
In the framework of the triangle model proposed by Seidenberg and McClelland [192], Harm and Seidenberg [80] offered a conceptualization of normal reading acquisition, as well as DD. Based on findings from simulating the phonological and surface subtypes of DD by causing different types of damage to the network before training, Harm and Seidenberg [80] advanced a severity hypothesis suggesting that all pure cases of phonological dyslexia should be mild cases, while cases of mixed or relative phonological dyslexia should result from a more severe phonological impairment. Based on empirical findings that the surface dyslexics’ performance on a variety of reading-related tasks was very similar to that of younger, typically developing, readers [134, 201, 204], the authors conceptualized surface dyslexia as “reading delay dyslexia”.
Exploring the effects of verb and noun treatment on verb phrase production in primary progressive aphasia: A series of single case experimental design studies
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2022
Cathleen Taylor-Rubin, Lyndsey Nickels, Karen Croot
When first referred to the PPA clinic, NSv was a 77-year old woman with a 5-year history of gradual deterioration of speech and language. She had completed a diploma of teaching and worked for over 40 years as a legal secretary and was continuing to attend the same office to perform well-practiced tasks, several days a week, at the time of the study. Expressive language was fluent, grammatical and well-articulated with marked lexical retrieval impairment. Her primary complaint was word finding but she also reported occasional memory lapses, loss of motivation and sadness at her impaired communication. On initial assessment, one year prior to this study, the naming task of the Sydney Language Battery (Savage, Hsieh, et al., 2013) was terminated early with accurate naming of only five out of fifteen items. At that time, (i.e., one year prior to the study) she scored 20/30 on the Sydney Language Battery semantic association task (Savage, Hsieh, et al., 2013), indicating semantic impairment. Surface dyslexia and dysgraphia were also apparent. At the time of the study, NSv was living alone independently but reported struggling with managing finances, appointments and general organization of her home. She had community support in the form of frozen delivered meals. She regularly participated in a number of community groups.
Speech and language therapy in primary progressive aphasia: a critical review of current practice
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2021
Cathleen Taylor-Rubin, Karen Croot, Lyndsey Nickels
In svPPA, the criterion features of impaired single-word naming and single-word comprehension are the consequence of degradation of the semantic system. Individuals with svPPA have pronounced deficits in lexical content such that they produce a high proportion of high-frequency content words and less-specific terms [25,121], with a higher proportion of verbs and pronouns relative to the proportion produced by neurotypical controls [25,122]. Frequent word finding difficulties and erroneous understanding of content words cause distress for this group, who describe frustration and embarrassment arising from both difficulty in finding the names of people, places, and objects and comprehension of these words in everyday communication [e.g. 22]. In spite of word finding difficulties, language production in svPPA is fluent with preserved articulation, melodic line, and grammar. However, attempts to compensate for anomia, such as restarts, and circumlocutionary behavior can give rise to paragrammatism [25]. A decrease in the use of complex syntactic structures is also observed [25,123]. Surface dyslexia and dysgraphia are often a feature with the associated difficulty in reading and writing irregular words, in particular often reported by those with svPPA [9]. Peak neuronal atrophy occurs in the anterior temporal lobe (left greater than right) an area argued to be a hub for conceptual knowledge [1,9]. The most common pathology associated with svPPA on autopsy is TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) positive ubiquitinopathy Type C [23,24].
Intervention for a lexical reading and spelling difficulty in two Greek-speaking primary age children
Published in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2020
Aris R. Terzopoulos, Georgia Z. Niolaki, Jackie Masterson
In cognitive assessments both children were found to have a deficit in letter report tasks, which in the past have been associated with lexical reading and spelling difficulties. The deficit has been interpreted as a difficulty with parallel simultaneous processing of letters during reading (see Valdois et al., 2003), leading to a reliance on small orthographic units in reading, and thereby problems acquiring an orthographic lexicon. Further assessments revealed that OE was also significantly worse than comparison children in visual memory for abstract designs. A deficit of visual memory has been associated with developmental surface dyslexia and dysgraphia in some cases (see Goulandris & Snowling, 1991), and has been interpreted as a difficulty in acquiring an orthographic lexicon.