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Renal Cancer
Published in Karl H. Pang, Nadir I. Osman, James W.F. Catto, Christopher R. Chapple, Basic Urological Sciences, 2021
Sabrina H. Rossi, Grant D. Stewart
Macroscopically:Round, well-circumscribed, brown masses.Characteristic central stellate scar of fibrous connective tissue.‘Spoke-and-wheel’ appearance on angiography/CT due to the hypervascular edges and central scar tissue.Central scar may be absent in small oncocytomas.RCCs with central necrosis may give a similar appearance.
Scalp, facial and gunshot injuries
Published in Helen Whitwell, Christopher Milroy, Daniel du Plessis, Forensic Neuropathology, 2021
Bullets passing through tissue tend to become unstable. As they exit, they will therefore tend to produce an irregular wound in comparison with the entrance wound (Figure 6.26), although this is not always the case. As the bullet exits through the skin, it will be pushed outwards, splitting the skin. Exit wounds may be stellate or slit-like. They may on superficial examination mimic a wound caused by another weapon.
Neurons
Published in Nassir H. Sabah, Neuromuscular Fundamentals, 2020
Some interneurons are named according to anatomical features. Stellate cells are interneurons having several dendrites radiating from the cell body in a star-like manner. They are found in the cerebral and cerebellar cortices and could be excitatory or inhibitory. Basket cells are inhibitory interneurons having highly branched axonal arborizations that are like baskets surrounding part of the soma of the target cell. Basket cells are found throughout the brain. Chandelier cells are inhibitory interneurons so called because their axons make highly specialized candle-shaped synaptic “cartridges” on initial segments of axons of pyramidal neurons. Double-bouquet cells are numerous cortical inhibitory interneurons characterized by tightly interwoven bundles of vertically oriented axonal arborizations resembling a horsetail. Martinotti cells are small inhibitory interneurons found in various layers of the cerebral cortex. Their axons project vertically to layer I and terminate on the dendritic tufts of pyramidal neurons.
Hsp70 modulates immune response in pancreatic cancer through dendritic cells
Published in OncoImmunology, 2021
Bhuwan Giri, Prateek Sharma, Tejeshwar Jain, Anthony Ferrantella, Utpreksha Vaish, Siddharth Mehra, Bharti Garg, Srikanth Iyer, Vrishketan Sethi, Zoe Malchiodi, Rossana Signorelli, Harrys K.C Jacob, John George, Preeti Sahay, Ejas P. Bava, Rajinder Dawra, Sundaram Ramakrishnan, Ashok Saluja, Vikas Dudeja
Tumor-bearing KPC ((B6.LSL-KrasG12D and p53R127H Pdx-cre) or PKT mice ((Ptf1acre/+; LSL-KrasG12D/+;Tgfbr2flox/flox) were euthanized at 3–6 months for KPC tumors and 3 weeks for PKT tumors. These tumors were mechanically dissociated followed by enzymatic digestion using collagenase IV.9,[]9,[][[ Noncancerous epithelial cells were then magnetically depleted using the following antibodies (CD326þ, CD90 and CD45) at passages 4 to 6. Pancreatic stellate cells were isolated using the method published by Apte et al.1415 KPCs and PKT cells were grown in DMEM: F12 media with 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin and 10% Fetal Bovine Serum. Pancreatic stellate cells were grown in Iscove’s Modified Dulbecco’s Medium with 15% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin streptomycin.
Smoking-associated interstitial lung disease: update and review
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2020
Yaser T Dawod, Noah E Cook, William B Graham, Farah Madhani-Lovely, Choua Thao
PLCH is a rare condition primarily affecting young adults with no gender predominance. While there is no clear data regarding the prevalence of the disease, it is estimated PLCH accounts for 3% to 5% of adults with diffuse parenchymal lung disease [54]. Cigarette smoke stimulates the accumulation of dendritic (Langerhans) cells in the lung parenchyma and suppresses normal mechanisms of apoptosis in these cells [55]. Histopathologic findings show clusters of Langerhans cells surrounding small bronchioles which obstruct the bronchiolar walls [56]. Extension of cells to the surrounding parenchyma results in an appearance of the stellate lesions, which is characteristic of the disease [57]. The Langerhans cell expresses CD1a, S100 protein, and CD 207, which is pathognomonic of PLCH [56].
Vacuolar protein sorting 4B regulates the proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells through the Wnt-β-catenin signalling pathway
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Yuhua Pan, Ting Lu, Ling Peng, Zhao Chen, Meiyi Li, Kaiying Zhang, Fu Xiong, Buling Wu
To examine the expression and localization of VPS4B, we first performed immunohistochemical staining of the front sections of a murine first mandibular molar on PN1, PN3, PN5 and PN7 (Figure 1). We found that during dentin development (from PN1 to PN7), VPS4B was highly expressed in the dental pulp cells near odontoblasts. At the late bell stage (PN1), VPS4B was also mildly expressed in the stratum intermedium and odontoblasts and weakly expressed in the stellate reticulum (Figure 1A-a). At the stage of hard-tissue formation and mineralization (from PN3 to PN5), VPS4B was consistently expressed in dental pulp cells, preodontoblasts and the stratum intermedium (Figure 1B-b,C-c). In contrast, the cells of the stellate reticulum stained only weakly while the odontoblasts tested negative for VPS4B (no staining; Figure 1B-b,1C-c). When dentin was formed (PN7), VPS4B was intensely expressed in dental pulp cells (Figure 1D-d).