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Developmental, cognitive and regulatory aspects of feeding disorders
Published in Southall Angela, Feeding Problems in Children, 2017
Terence M. Dovey, Clarissa. Martin
Heightened sensory processing ability (Dovey et al, 2010b) and/or clinical levels of sensory defensiveness (Smith et al, 2005) will lead to food rejection based on its visual, olfactory or texture properties rather than its utility as a food item. Sensory defensiveness is characterised as an overreaction, or offence, resulting in withdrawal from the sensation of being touched, either by another person, or by something in their environment, which most would consider inoffensive (Wilbarger, 2000). Heightened sensory ability would be defined as those individuals that have the ability to tell the difference between items based solely on their sensory properties that others, including expert categorisers, would find difficult or impossible. Both the sensory sensitive and heightened ability children may have a higher propensity to develop a feeding disorder. Such disorders are likely to be characterised by diets that are extremely limited and contain foods of a similar colour, taste and/or texture. In short, food is rejected due to inappropriate assumptions about it rather than its actual properties (e.g. children may say they 'don't like green food' or 'it smells funny' or 'it's too crunchy').
Management of residual physical deficits
Published in Mark J. Ashley, David A. Hovda, Traumatic Brain Injury, 2017
Velda L. Bryan, David W. Harrington, Michael G. Elliott
Individuals who have hypersensitivity or sensory defensiveness may be appropriate for sensory integration techniques, such as the Willbarger Protocol.141 The protocol involves establishing a set sensory routine that encompasses deep proprioceptive input with active physical proprioceptive activity. Special training courses are offered to learn and teach the technique.
A systematic review and narrative synthesis of occupational therapy-led interventions for individuals with anxiety and stress-related disorders
Published in Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 2019
Jackie Fox, Lena-Karin Erlandsson, Agnes Shiel
The two participants in Bracciano (2008) showed a decrease in severity of PTSD symptoms on the PTSD Symptom Scale-Interview (Foa, Riggs, Dancu, & Rothbaum, 1993) following 4 weeks of the intervention. They also self-reported some improvements in performance of activities of daily living, such as shopping, on the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (Law et al., 1998). Moore and Henry (2002) used an unpublished questionnaire developed for the study called the Sensory Defensiveness Screening for Adults and reported that participants identified with fewer symptoms of sensory defensiveness following the treatment. Champagne (2011) reported that several baseline measures were carried out with the single participant with PTSD but no results are reported. Some personal goals are measured on a scale of 1–10, for example, “paying bills on time.” Both Champagne (2011) and Moore and Henry (2002) gathered outcome data in an informal way, sometimes over the phone and directly by the clinician delivering the intervention, introducing risk of reporting bias. These two interventions included scheduling many pleasant activities such as yoga and swimming, so any positive results seen could have been due to increased participation in these health-promoting activities, rather than the sensory aspect of the intervention.
Sensory Modulation for People with Anxiety in a Community Mental Health Setting
Published in Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 2018
Katrina Wallis, Daniel Sutton, Sandra Bassett
While the scores on the WHODAS 2.0 show an improvement in participation, it is not possible to tell what the exact mechanisms in achieving this improvement were. For example, participant three identified that her anxiety was a major barrier to her using public transportation. She found that using the sensory strategies helped calm her anxiety sufficiently to participate in this activity. Graded and repeated exposure to using public transportation eventually enabled her to complete this activity without needing to use her sensory tools, although she still kept them with her. It is possible that repeated exposure to the task allowed the participant to become physiologically habituated to the experience, resulting in less sensory defensiveness to unwanted sensory stimuli over time (Moore & Henry, 2002). Another possibility is that the sensory tools allowed exposure to the feared situation through either calming input or cognitive distraction. This exposure may have opened a pathway for cognitive reappraisal of the situation from being overwhelming and threatening to manageable and safe.
Efficacy of the Wilbarger Therapressure Program™ to Modulate Arousal in Women with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Pilot Study Using Salivary Cortisol and Behavioral Measures
Published in Occupational Therapy in Mental Health, 2018
Judith Giencke Kimball, Ling Cao, Kyle S. Draleau
Sensory defensiveness as defined by Wilbarger and Wilbarger (2011) “is a constellation of symptoms related to aversive or defensive reactions to non-noxious stimuli across one or more sensory systems. It is an over-reaction of our normal protective senses” (p. 5). We may see “patterns of avoidance, sensory seeking, fear, anxiety or even aggression … [which] fluctuate widely and can be misidentified as emotionally based.” (p. 5); for example, social withdrawal and anxiety. This over-reaction is interpreted to be a modulation problem in sensory processing, and it initiates a sympathetic nervous system fight, flight, or freeze response. It is important to remember that this response is outside of conscious control. It is the brain’s primary survival mechanism, and the intensity of the responses it evokes is related to the level of seriousness of the survival threat as perceived and evaluated by the individual person’s nervous system.