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Cavitation, Thin-walled Cysts and Bullae, their Association with Tumours. Emphysema. Fat and Calcification. Spurious Tumours. Intravascular, Pulmonary Interstitial & Mediastinal Gas, and Pneumoperitoneum.
Published in Fred W Wright, Radiology of the Chest and Related Conditions, 2022
Sometimes the structures at the base of the neck, e.g. a deep supra-sternal notch, or prominent or absent sternomastoid muscles may cause confusion, particularly after a laryngectomy or radical neck dissection (see also ps. 12.1 - 2). Axillary soft tissue swellings (nodes, tumours or excessive fat) may also simulate mediastinal tumours on lateral chest radiographs. These usually have a well-defined anterior curvi-linear anterior margin overlying the antero-superior of middle mediastinum (see also Bonté and Schonfeld, 1962). The author has encountered a Sprengel's shoulder misdiagnosed as an upper lobe consolidation (Illus. SHOULDER SPRENGEL, or Shoulder Pt. 7). The rhomboid fossa of the clavicle (Pendergrass and Hodes, 1937) can also be mistaken for a bony erosion - see also ps. 12.10, 12.40 and Illus. RHOMBOID FOSSA. A scapular 'companion shadow' on its medial aspect may be seen in patients who are cachectic or who have lost weight, and in whom the scapula is partially rotated (Lams and Jolles, 1981).
Microsurgical techniques for achieving gross total resection of ependymomas of the fourth ventricle
Published in Acta Chirurgica Belgica, 2020
Marx and colleagues [51] present a case series of eight patients aged 29 to 56 years harboring fourth ventricular ependymomas with tumoral adherence to the caudal rhomboid fossa. Clinical presentations amongst this series included headache (62.5%), dizziness or dysequilibrium (62.5%), unilateral hearing loss or reductions of hearing acuity (12.5%), dysphagia (12.5%), intermittent anisocoria (12.5%), gait imbalance (12.5%), cervicobrachialgia (12.5%), and dysesthesias affecting the bilateral upper and lower extremities in 12.5% of patients each.
Foramen caecum medullae oblongatae in the history of anatomical terminology
Published in Journal of the History of the Neurosciences, 2020
František Šimon, Florian Steger
According to Swanson (2015, 261), in addition to the terms with foramen caecum and the term foramen of Vicq d´Azyr, the history of anatomy knows one more synonym for this anatomical formation: fovea acustica inferior. this term was first used by the German psychiatrist Gottlob Heinrich Bergmann (1781–1860) and it is, according to him, “concave Lücke, welche zwischen der Brücke, den Pyramiden und den Oliven sich findet” (i.e., concave gap located between the bridge, pyramids and olives; 1831, 69). The adjective acustica was probably chosen because, according to the author, several cranial nerves have origin there, probably including the nervus acusticus—in the present nomenclature, nervus vestobulocochelaris. Swanson is talking about a synonym, but we doubt it is a synonym. Rather, it has something to do with the rhomboid fossa. This represents the fundus of the fourth ventricle and is formed by Pedunculi cerebrales, Pons and Medulla oblongata. The eighth cranial nerve (N. vestibulocochlearis) also runs along here. There is also an inferior fovea here. It is not synonymous with caecum foramen, it is another entity. However this term only appeared once more in the edition of Soemmering prepared by the German physiologist Gabriel Gustav Valentin (1810–1883). Soemmering (1778, 184) recognized the foramen caecum anterius and posterius in De Basi encephali and originibus nervorum cranio egredientium libri in later work (1798); he did not mention these formations, but in the revised edition by Valentin there were up to three similar terms, foramen caecum anterius (1841, 183), foramen caecum sive fovea transversa interna anterior medullae spinalis, (although spinalis is probably a mistake, because in the German text there is “des verlängerten Markes,” i.e., of medulla oblongata; 1841, 219) and also the mentioned fovea acustica inferior (1841, 223).
Emergency surgery for brainstem cavernoma haemorrhage with severe neurological presentation. Is it indicated and worthwhile?
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2020
Cristiano M. Antunes, Renata S. F. Marques, Maria J. S. Machado, Leandro T. M. Marques, Miguel A. R. Filipe, João S. Fernandes, Carlos M. G. Alegria
Five BSCM haemorrhages were operated emergently in the period 2011–2018. In four patients, the haemorrhage had bulged into the fourth ventricle and in 1 it was deep seated. The surgical approach used in all cases was a midline suboccipital craniotomy in ‘Concorde position’ and then exploration through the rhomboid fossa. Ultrasonography was employed in all cases. Patient’s outcomes are reported in Table 2. No surgical complications were observed.