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Disorders of Circulation of the Cerebrospinal Fluid
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Fourth ventricle obstruction may be due a variety of causes: Primary tumor (pediatric).Metastatic tumors (adult).Hemorrhage.Infarction.
Paper 4
Published in Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw, The Final FRCR, 2020
Amanda Rabone, Benedict Thomson, Nicky Dineen, Vincent Helyar, Aidan Shaw
A 6 month old child is referred for an MRI brain due to developmental delay and macrocephaly. This shows an enlarged posterior fossa with elevated torcular herophili. There is cystic enlargement of the fourth ventricle. The cerebellum is hypoplastic and the lateral and third ventricles are dilated.
Motor Function and ControlDescending Tracts
Published in Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal, Principles of Physiology for the Anaesthetist, 2020
Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal
The cerebellum lies above the fourth ventricle in the posterior fossa of the cranium. It consists of the anterior, posterior and flocculonodular lobes. The cerebellar cortex consists of an outer layer containing basket and stellate cells, a middle layer containing Purkinje cells and an inner layer containing granular cells with interneurons called Golgi cells.
A rare case of intralesional haemorrhage of a benign aqueductal cyst after CSF diversion treatment. A case report and review of literature
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2023
R. D. Biju, J. O’ Sullivan, A. Thomas, P. Gan, T. Muthu
The natural history of benign ventricular cysts is poorly understood.5,6 Colloid cysts are rare, representing about 0.5–1% of all intracranial tumours.7,8 Preferentially encountered within the third ventricle, other locations have been reported including the fourth ventricle, suprasellar region, cerebellum and rarely, within the cerebral aqueduct.9 They are not typically vascular in nature, making intracystic haemorrhage a rare phenomenon. About 21 cases have been reported in literature worldwide, 4 of which were at post-mortem.10,11 Cuoco et al. hypothesized that an exercise-induced rise in systolic blood pressure contributed to the phenomena in their 21-year-old patient.12 Spontaneous intracystic haemorrhage in pineal cysts is a well-documented phenomenon. Tamura et al. described its occurrence in their patient who commenced antiplatelet treatment for stroke.13,14
Intraventricular neurocysticercosis causing obstructing hydrocephalus
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2022
Alejandro Perez, Gaurav Syngal, Samreen Fathima, Sam Laali, Sadat Shamim
Neurocysticercosis is caused by the pork tapeworm Taenia solium.1 Intraventricular neurocysticercosis, which occurs in 10% to 20% of cases, develops when cysticerci become lodged in the ventricular outflow tracks, with consequent obstructive hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure.2 Associated symptoms include headache, nausea, vomiting, altered mental status, and decreased visual acuity with papilledema.3 Less frequent symptoms include seizures and focal neurologic signs, usually from coexistent disease in the parenchyma or subarachnoid space.4 Occasionally, mobile cysts in the third and fourth ventricle can cause intermittent obstruction, leading to episodes of sudden loss of consciousness related to head movements (Bruns syndrome).5 We present a case of neurocysticercosis involving obstruction of the fourth ventricle leading to hydrocephalus.
Long-term surgical outcome of Chiari type-I malformation-related syringomyelia: an experience of tertiary referral hospital
Published in Neurological Research, 2022
Anas Abdallah, İrfan Çınar, Betül Güler Abdallah
The specialists interpreted CRS by one of two factors: a congenital malformation relates to vitamins’ deficiencies or a mechanical obstacle, such as excessively small posterior fossa. Further, one of two mechanisms can cause mechanical factor to occur. The first is the obstruction mechanism, which is explained by the obstruction in the SS at the levels below the fourth ventricle. This obstacle prevents the nature of the CSF flow in the central channel. The second is the severe compression at the craniocervical junction, which reduces the flow of CSF at the foramen magnum level [1,4,17]. Although the management of CRS is still being debated, several concerns regarding this entity remain unresolved. The natural history, the properties of surgical candidates, the most optimal surgical approach, and the long-term outcomes are the most important concerns to identify [1,5,11–14]. To treat our patients, we adopted PFDD with coagulation of tonsillar ectopia.