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Evaluation of Balance
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Posturography records postural sway usually with force platforms. Recordings with eyes open and closed quantify the Romberg's test. Dynamic posturography adds balance stimuli (moving platform, visual stimuli). Posturography advances understanding of postural systems but offers limited day-to-day clinical value.
Evaluation of Balance
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Christopher P Aldren, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Raymond W Clarke, Richard M Irving, Haytham Kubba, Shakeel R Saeed, Paediatrics, The Ear, Skull Base, 2018
The rationale behind clinical posturography is that it tests postural control as a whole, with the various sensory inputs interacting in physiological ways and mimicking potential real-life challenges to upright balance. This is its strength and its weakness at the same time, the latter because of its lack of topographic specificity. The findings of a meta-analysis of posturography indicates that its overall sensitivity and specificity is of the order of 50%.131 As expected, the diagnostic power was enhanced if patients with CNS lesions were included in the studies surveyed, but this is of little consolation since there are much better ways of diagnosing CNS disease than posturography. It is often said that posturography can be useful for rehabilitation, and indeed posturography has been instrumental in proving the value of vestibular rehabilitation.132,133 However, the daily problem in neuro-otology is the patient who is not objectively unsteady, but still reports off-balance sensations and dizziness. Whether posturography has anything to add to simple questionnaire assessment of symptoms remains an open question.
Organic Chemicals
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Thermography was performed on 39 patients (Table 5.17). Head points were rigid in 39 of 39 patients. All patients could not stand on their toes or walk a straight line with their eyes open or closed. Therefore, accomplished posturography examination was performed (balance test—Table 5.19). Heart rate variability was also performed as another autonomic NS test. Table 5.20 shows the changes. N = 52. All patients had neuropsychological consultation. Twelve patients underwent inhaled challenges after depollution in a less polluted environment. Chemical inhalant challenge and intradermal chemical skin test provoking the patient's symptoms and signs. Testing was performed in a controlled less polluted environment and the patients were residing in a less polluted environment. N = 46.
Influence of foot position on static and dynamic standing balance in healthy young adults
Published in Hearing, Balance and Communication, 2018
Carmen Krewer, Jeannine Bergmann, Pablo C. Gräfrath, Klaus Jahn
The profound medical and social impact of postural instability has led to a great deal of research in this field and to the development of several clinical and laboratory methods to explore the extent of balance dysfunction [1]. Clinicians have a limited number of tests available to quantify balance. These include seconds standing on one leg, performance on multiple observable tasks, and posturography. The latter has become an important tool for assessing balance in clinical settings [2]. Posturography is a common technique aimed at quantifying the body sway of subjects, mainly in a standing position. The specific characteristic of the body sway, however, is influenced by several factors such as visual, vestibular and proprioceptive input. Influencing also is the type of insoles [3] or shoes [4] the tested person is wearing. Being aware of all influencing factors is important to systematically modify them or to set standards that make measurements more comparable allowing clinicians to build up accurate diagnoses. Several efforts have been made to develop standards for performing posturography, especially for static standing. Recently, the International Society of Posture and Gait Research appointed a specific committee with the task of providing guidelines and standards for posturography in clinical practice [5]. In the framework of the process, the effect of foot position, i.e. the base of support, was also analyzed, but no final conclusion has been found yet [5,6].
Effectiveness and recovery action of a perturbation balance test – a comparison of single-leg and bipedal stances
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2018
Bálint Petró, Judit T Nagy, Rita M Kiss
Besides static posturography, the sudden perturbation test is becoming prevalent (Müller et al. 2004; Petró et al. 2017). Evaluation measures include performance measures such as the balance index (Müller et al. 2004), the time of balancing (Giboin et al. 2015) and Lehr’s damping ratio (Kiss 2011). The directional ratio characterises platform motion trajectory (Petró and Kiss 2017) and thus the recovery action itself. Clinicians opt to perform these tests with participants adopting either a single-leg or a bipedal stance. However, to our knowledge, no study had been carried out to compare the performance and recovery action execution simultaneously between the two stances. Thus, the objective of the present study was to determine whether balance recovery performance levels, as measured by Lehr’s damping ratio, and platform motion trajectory, as characterised by the directional ratio, differ between dominant single-leg and bipedal balance recoveries for the young, healthy population. In essence, our study found that platform trajectories differ while reaching similar performance levels.
Age-related Assessment of Postural Control Development: A Cross-sectional Study in Children and Adolescents
Published in Journal of Motor Behavior, 2020
Alessandro Micarelli, Andrea Viziano, Ivan Augimeri, Beatrice Micarelli, Marco Alessandrini
Several methods and measurements can be used to determine postural function (Paillard & Noe, 2015). One of these methods is posturography, which is conducted with the subjects standing upright on a platform under either static or dynamic circumstances (Barozzi et al., 2014). When posturography is performed, a force platform (a platform that measures the ground reaction forces generated by a body standing on it or moving across it) is used to obtain a quantified measurement of the body’s center of pressure (CoP) movements, which can be challenged by eliminating visual input, i.e., with eyes closed (Piirtola & Era, 2006). Compared with dynamic posturography, static posturography is less expensive and also less complex, which may make it possible to get around children’s naturally short attention span (Christensen et al., 2018). Therefore, static posturography seems suitable for younger subjects in clinical settings with limited space (Barozzi et al., 2014). Regarding this technique, power spectra analysis proved reliable for investigating the relative input contribution (visual, proprioceptive and vestibular system) involved in postural control (Fujimoto et al., 2014; Giacomini, Sorace, Magrini, & Alessandrini, 1998; Micarelli, Viziano, Della-Morte, Augimeri, & Alessandrini, 2018). However, if on one hand normative data of CoP displacement has been recently validated (Casselbrant et al., 2010; Christensen et al., 2018), a solid knowledge of age-related frequency-domain characteristics is lacking in the so-called typically developing children (TDC), which indeed may provide further diagnostic insight into vertigo and balance disorders among children and adolescents.