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Optical Methods for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Screening
Published in Andrey V. Dunaev, Valery V. Tuchin, Biomedical Photonics for Diabetes Research, 2023
Robert Bartlett, Gennadi Saiko, Alexandre Yu. Douplik
Polyneuropathy is a common complication of diabetes and encompasses several neuropathic syndromes. Neuropathy can be symmetric or asymmetric, and the symptoms can be attributed to impaired sensation or motor function, or a combination of both. Diabetic neuropathy may affect various combinations of sensory, motor, and autonomic neuropathy. The clinical presentation is varied (Table 2.1).
Classification of Neuropathy
Published in Maher Kurdi, Neuromuscular Pathology Made Easy, 2021
Neuropathy may also affect one nerve (mononeuropathy) or multiple nerves (polyneuropathy). The term mononeuritis multiplex is applied when one or more separate nerves in disparate areas are affected. Mononeuropathy should be distinguished clinically from polyneuropathy as mono-type usually occurs as result of local injury or focal disease. Polyneuropathy is a common condition that occurs in almost all neurological diseases.
Diseases of the Peripheral Nerve and Mononeuropathies
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Diana Mnatsakanova, Charles K. Abrams
Polyneuropathy is diffuse dysfunction of multiple nerves, usually creating a ‘stocking-glove’ pattern of numbness, paresthesias, and weakness (Figure 25.2). The most distal nerves (e.g. in the feet) are affected first. As the symptoms progress and move up the leg, numbness and paresthesias are noticed in the distal fingers. Upper extremity symptoms usually begin when the lower extremity symptoms reach the knees. In most cases, the sensory and motor nerves are both involved (sensorimotor). However, there are certain polyneuropathies that selectively affect only the sensory nerves or the motor nerves.
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2023
Despite great improvement of survival, patients with EGPA often suffer from long-term damage or chronic symptoms caused by the disease itself and/or treatment toxicity. Over 60% of patients continue to have symptoms of chronic asthma despite therapy. Polyneuropathy is also an important cause of chronic symptoms and morbidity. Despite the high rate of disease remission with current therapy, the frequency of relapses is high and recurring courses of GC to re-induce remission is still an important problem, causing significant morbidity, especially in older patients. Cardiac involvement is associated with poorer prognosis, and it is the most frequent cause of mortality in EGPA. Although ANCA-positive patients appear to be more likely to have GN and polyneuropathy, and less likely to have pulmonary or cardiac involvement, relapses and deaths do not appear to be different based on ANCA positivity [28,69,70].
Guidelines and new directions in the therapy and monitoring of ATTRv amyloidosis
Published in Amyloid, 2022
Yukio Ando, David Adams, Merrill D. Benson, John L. Berk, Violaine Planté-Bordeneuve, Teresa Coelho, Isabel Conceição, Bo-Göran Ericzon, Laura Obici, Claudio Rapezzi, Yoshiki Sekijima, Mitsuharu Ueda, Giovanni Palladini, Giampaolo Merlini
The quantitative evaluation of the sensory-motor alterations remains challenging. Combined clinical and neurophysiological scores, such as the modified neuropathy impairment score (mNIS) +7 proved useful to follow the sensory-motor course of polyneuropathy in recent clinical trials. However, these procedures are complex and time consuming, hindering their use in clinical practice. The composite clinical score NIS, combining motor function, sensory function, and tendon reflexes, is more convenient and proved reliable to monitor the polyneuropathy in several post marketing studies. The polyneuropathy disability (PND) score grades the impact of the neuropathy on ambulation. Also the six-minute walk test (6-MWT) performance and the timed 10-meter walk test (10-MWT) were pertinent end points, correlated with the polyneuropathy, longitudinally [9]. Neurophysiological tests corroborate the clinical assessment in mild to moderate polyneuropathy. Motor and sensory nerve conduction studies, including compound muscle action potentials and sensory action potentials, are performed in the four limb extremities. Investigations of the small nerve fibres, like laser evoked potentials, temperature quantitative sensory testing can be proposed but they are not broadly available.
Polyneuropathy and the sural/radial sensory nerve action potential ratio in primary Sjögren’s syndrome
Published in Neurological Research, 2020
Yasemin Eren, Nese Gungor Yavasoglu, Cem Ozisler
Although polyneuropathy is the most common neurologic complication in pSS, its aetiology and risk factors remain unclear. Additionally, polyneuropathy is refractory to treatment. It is also important to evaluate patients with pSS for neurologic involvement, even if they have no signs or injury because involvement of the nervous system in pSS is a negative prognostic factor. Neurophysiologic tests play an important role in the evaluation of central and peripheral nervous system involvement at the preclinical stage. Other than a diagnosis of polyneuropathy with electroneuromyography, SRAR is a non-invasive useful neurophysiologic examination to detect the risk of developing axonal polyneuropathy. We think that markers such as SRAR are important in the diagnosis of chronic process diseases such as pSS with multisystem involvement.