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Published in David Browne, Brenda Wright, Guy Molyneux, Mohamed Ahmed, Ijaz Hussain, Bangaru Raju, Michael Reilly, MRCPsych Paper I One-Best-Item MCQs, 2017
David Browne, Brenda Wright, Guy Molyneux, Mohamed Ahmed, Ijaz Hussain, Bangaru Raju, Michael Reilly
Answer: E. Paragrammatism refers to the disorder of grammatical construction. In schizophrenia it is termed word salad. Cluttering is a disturbance of fluency involving an abnormally rapid rate and erratic rhythm of speech that impedes intelligibility. In echolalia the patient repeats words or parts of sentences that are spoken to him or in his presence. It most often occurs in excited schizophrenic states, with learning disability and with organic states. Logoclonia describes the spastic repetition of syllables that occurs in Parkinsonism. Palilalia is the repetition of a word or phrase. It is a perseveration phenomenon. [P. pp. 849–59; D. pp. 158–9]
100 MCQs from Dr. Brenda Wright and Colleagues
Published in David Browne, Selena Morgan Pillay, Guy Molyneaux, Brenda Wright, Bangaru Raju, Ijaz Hussein, Mohamed Ali Ahmed, Michael Reilly, MCQs for the New MRCPsych Paper A, 2017
Dr Olivia Gibbons, Dr Marie Naughton, Dr Selena Morgan Pillay
Paragrammatism refers to the disorder of grammatical construction. In schizophrenia it is termed word salad. Cluttering is a disturbance of fluency involving an abnormally rapid rate and erratic rhythm of speech that impedes intelligibility. In echolalia the patient repeats words or parts of sentences that are spoken to him or in his presence. It most often occurs in excited schizophrenic states, with learning disability and with organic states. Logoclonia describes the spastic repetition of syllables that occurs in Parkinsonism. Palilalia is the repetition of a word or phrase. It is a perseveratory phenomenon. (5, pp 158–9, 14, pp 849–59)
Speech and language therapy in primary progressive aphasia: a critical review of current practice
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2021
Cathleen Taylor-Rubin, Karen Croot, Lyndsey Nickels
In svPPA, the criterion features of impaired single-word naming and single-word comprehension are the consequence of degradation of the semantic system. Individuals with svPPA have pronounced deficits in lexical content such that they produce a high proportion of high-frequency content words and less-specific terms [25,121], with a higher proportion of verbs and pronouns relative to the proportion produced by neurotypical controls [25,122]. Frequent word finding difficulties and erroneous understanding of content words cause distress for this group, who describe frustration and embarrassment arising from both difficulty in finding the names of people, places, and objects and comprehension of these words in everyday communication [e.g. 22]. In spite of word finding difficulties, language production in svPPA is fluent with preserved articulation, melodic line, and grammar. However, attempts to compensate for anomia, such as restarts, and circumlocutionary behavior can give rise to paragrammatism [25]. A decrease in the use of complex syntactic structures is also observed [25,123]. Surface dyslexia and dysgraphia are often a feature with the associated difficulty in reading and writing irregular words, in particular often reported by those with svPPA [9]. Peak neuronal atrophy occurs in the anterior temporal lobe (left greater than right) an area argued to be a hub for conceptual knowledge [1,9]. The most common pathology associated with svPPA on autopsy is TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) positive ubiquitinopathy Type C [23,24].
Diagnosing and managing post-stroke aphasia
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2021
Shannon M. Sheppard, Rajani Sebastian
Wernicke’s aphasia is often called ‘receptive aphasia’ and is characterized by fluent speech, paired with significant impairments of comprehension, naming, and repetition. Speech is fluent so the rhythm of speech is maintained, but it typically consists of jargon and is empty of meaning with a mix of sentence constructions (paragrammatism). Language output contains many paraphasias including semantic paraphasia (e.g., saying ‘train’ for the target word ‘bus’) and neologisms (nonwords like ‘fluffertump’). Error awareness is often poor due to limited auditory comprehension, and this makes communication less effective compared to patients with Broca’s aphasia. Reading and writing are frequently significantly impaired. Wernicke’s aphasia is typically associated with damage to Wernicke’s area along with neighboring temporal and parietal regions [21].