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Chemosensory Disorders and Nutrition
Published in Alan R. Hirsch, Nutrition and Sensation, 2023
Carl M. Wahlstrom, Alan R. Hirsch, Bradley W. Whitman
The olfactory tubercle receives afferent fibers from the olfactory bulb and the anterior olfactory nucleus. Efferent fibers from the olfactory tubercle project to the nucleus accumbens as well as the striatum. Prominent neurotransmitters of the olfactory tubercle include acetylcholine and dopamine (Kratskin and Belluzzi 2003).
Basal Forebrain Organization: An Anatomical Framework for Motor Aspects of Drive and Motivation
Published in Peter W. Kalivas, Charles D. Barnes, Limbic Motor Circuits and Neuropsychiatry, 2019
Lennart Heimer, George F. Alheid, Daniel S. Zahm
The olfactory tubercle part of the ventral striatopallidal system deserves special consideration. The striatal projections from the rostral tubercle (not illustrated) terminate primarily in ventral pallidal territories in the deeper portion of the olfactory tubercle (multiform layer). However, those from more medial and caudal parts of the tubercle terminate both in the multiform layer and in the ventromedial ventral pallidum dorsal to the medial forebrain bundle.178 Whereas the pallidal neurons in the multiform layer of the tubercle seem to be rather well restricted in their output to the central part of the mediodorsal thalamus, and hence to the lateral orbitofrontal cortex,185 the efferents from the ventromedial ventral pallidum include projections to the medial part of the mediodorsal thalamus as well as to the entopeduncular nucleus-lateral hypothalamus and ventral tegmental area (Figure 9B). At this point in time the striatal efferents of the caudomedial olfactory tubercle have not been mapped to the specific neurons in the ventromedial ventral pallidum that project to the entopeduncular nucleus-lateral hypothalamus and ventral tegmental area. The evidence for a topographic arrangement for the striatopallidal projections in the olfactory tubercle is consistent with the topography seen in the corticostriatal projections to the olfactory tubercle.64,190–192 This is significant, since this parallel organization is typical for striatopallidal structures in general.189,193
Chemosensory Malingering
Published in Alan R. Hirsch, Neurological Malingering, 2018
The olfactory tubercle receives afferent fibers from the anterior olfactory nucleus and the olfactory bulb. Efferent fibers from the olfactory tubercle project to the nucleus accumbens and the striatum. Neurotransmitters of the olfactory tubercle include both acetylcholine and dopamine (Kratskin and Belluzzi, 2003).
Neurosurgery and neuromodulation for anorexia nervosa in the 21st century: a systematic review of treatment outcomes
Published in Eating Disorders, 2022
Stuart B. Murray, Michael Strober, Reza Tadayonnejad, Ausaf A. Bari, Jamie D. Feusner
The ventral striatum consists of the nucleus accumbens and the olfactory tubercle, and is thought to be critically involved in reward processing, cognition, reinforcement learning, and motivational salience (Daniel & Pollmann, 2014). To date, one case series of six patients with an illness duration of 2–4 years examined stereotactic ablation of the ventral striatum/nucleus accumbens (Wang et al., 2013). Notably, these patients had not exhausted less invasive psychotherapeutic treatments. This case series noted a rapid increase in mean patient BMI from 13.38 (±.59) pre-operatively, to a mean BMI of 19.15 (±.1.35) at 6-month follow-up, and a mean BMI of 20.4 (±1.26) at 12-month follow-up. However, no measure of the psychological symptoms of AN was reported in this study, and it is unclear whether change in patient weight was accompanied by change in the psychological symptoms of AN.
A single dose of ketamine cannot prevent protracted stress-induced anhedonia and neuroinflammation in rats
Published in Stress, 2022
Rodrigo Moraga-Amaro, Cyprien G. J. Guerrin, Luiza Reali Nazario, Bruno Lima Giacobbo, Rudi A. J. O. Dierckx, Jimmy Stehberg, Erik F. J. de Vries, Janine Doorduin
Tracer uptake was calculated in several pre-defined volumes-of-interest (VOI), representing brain regions of sufficiently large size. Small brain regions were excluded to minimize the partial volume effects (Lehnert et al., 2012), due to the limited resolution of the PET scanner (1.4 mm) (Marx et al., 2012). Therefore, the selected brain regions were the amygdala, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), cerebellum, corpus callosum, entorhinal cortex, frontal association cortex, insular cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, striatum (which included the nucleus accumbens), temporal cortex, olfactory cortex, occipital cortex, parietal cortex, hippocampus, midbrain, brainstem and basal ganglia (which included olfactory tubercle, ventral pallidum, substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, and the ventral tegmental area (VTA)).
Cariprazine for the treatment of bipolar depression: a review
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2019
Renee-Marie Ragguett, Roger S. McIntyre
In rodent models, long-term effects of cariprazine included changes in forebrain receptors including increased D2 receptor levels in the medial prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, medial and lateral caudate putamen and hippocampus. As well as increased D3 receptor levels in the islands of Calleja, olfactory tubercles and nucleus accumbens shell. Additionally, increased 5-HT1A receptors in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions, A-Amino-3-Hydroxy-5-Methyl-4-Isoxazolepropionic Acid (AMPA) receptors in the hippocampal CA2, and CA3 regions, and 5-HT1A receptors in the middle prefrontal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Reduced N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor binding in the nucleus accumbens, medial and lateral caudate putamen and hippocampal CA1 was also observed [28].