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Sleep Disturbances Related to Physical Diseases
Published in Zippi Dolev, Mordechai Zalesch, Judy Kupferman, Sleep and Women's Health, 2019
Zippi Dolev, Mordechai Zalesch, Judy Kupferman
Characteristics of the disease are as follows: Chronic pain (that continues longer than 3 months): Pain in all muscle systems, joints, and skeleton, especially in the neck, back, legs, and arms.No relief in muscle ache when resting: Pain may even be more severe during the night.Marked sensitivity to light pressure over many points on the body (18 such points have been defined): Most of the sensitive points are on both sides of the body (as illustrated in Figure 9.1).Sleep disorders: The disorders include difficulty falling asleep and frequent wakening through the night. Therefore, sleep quality is impaired, and the patients suffer from daytime fatigue. Around 90% of fibromyalgia patients suffer from mild to acute fatigue, accompanied by a sense of lack of energy, reduction of endurance during physical activity, or fatigue of the type felt when one is ill with the flu or suffering from lack of sleep. In many cases, the fatigue causes more suffering than the pain. Studies have shown that disturbances in deep sleep impair bodily functions as well as the process of pain evaluation. Therefore, fibromyalgia sufferers are treated with medications that improve sleep and relieve pain.Stomachaches and irritable bowel syndrome (stomachaches, alternating diarrhea and constipation, bloating of the stomach).Symptoms of anxiety or depression, and at times, also difficulties in concentration and in memory.Need to urinate frequently.
Epilepsy
Published in Hani Ts Benamer, Essential Revision Notes in Clinical Neurology, 2017
➤ The following steps should be followed to get a proper history: ➣ Events before the attack (from the patient)Number of attacks.The duration of the attacks, the shortest and the longest attack.The gap between the attacks (days, weeks or months).The dates of the first and the last attack.General health in the days before and on the day of the attack.Precipitating factors such as changing position, stress and menstrual cycle.Exact position just before the attack.The time of the attack and whether it occurred during sleep.Warning symptoms such as aura or palpitations.➣ Events during the attack (from the eyewitness)Change in colour.Breathing pattern.Abnormal movements.Tone (rigid or floppy).Duration of the attack.➣ Events after the attack (from the patient and the eyewitness)Tongue biting.Incontinence.Confusion.Headache.Muscle aches and pain.Feeling sleepy and drowsy.Any abnormal behaviour.
Design, synthesis, and biological investigation of oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, and pyrimidinyl linked antipyrine derivatives as potential non-acidic anti-inflammatory agents
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2023
Mohammad M. Al-Sanea, Abdelrahman Hamdi, Simone Brogi, Samar S. Tawfik, Dina I. A. Othman, Mahmoud Elshal, Hidayat Ur Rahman, Della G. T. Parambi, Rehab M. Elbargisy, Samy Selim, Ehab M. Mostafa, Ahmed A. B. Mohamed
Because of their anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and analgesic properties, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most often used treatments worldwide.1 They are considered as the drugs of choice in numerous inflammatory disorders like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis, and tendonitis. Other medical indications include muscle aches, backaches, and dental pain. Moreover, they are routinely prescribed as a palliative therapy in cases of cancer, gout, and menstrual cramps. They induce their pharmacological effects via the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which in turn suppress the formation of the pro-inflammatory mediators, prostaglandins (PGs), from arachidonic acid.2,3 Constitutive COX-1 and inducible COX-2 are the two mainly described COX isozymes in literature.4 It is worth saying that COX-2 is linked to several pathological diseases, including cancer and inflammation. Both isoforms share a 65% sequence homology and their active sites are approximately indistinguishable. The substitution of valine 523 in COX-2 active site for the relatively bulkier isoleucine residue in COX-1, produces an extra side pocket with limited access to this additional binding pocket. It is worth to mention that this difference can be exploited by COX-2 selective ligands such as celecoxib.
Statin associated muscle symptoms (SAMS): strategies for prevention, assessment and management
Published in Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2023
Iulia Iatan, G. B. John Mancini, Eunice Yeoh, Robert A. Hegele
Although statins are generally well-tolerated and among the most commonly prescribed drugs, adverse effects remain the main cause of non-adherence of therapy [12,13]. Statin intolerance refers to a clinical ‘’umbrella term’’ of various signs and symptoms experienced by patients, manifesting on a continuum and pertaining to multiple organ systems [14,15]. Statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) are the most common form of statin intolerance, also cited as the most frequent reason for medication modification and discontinuation [16–18], in turn resulting in increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Although, the term SAMS is used to describe muscle symptoms that occur in the presence of statin use, it does not necessarily imply causation by the statin. Symptoms are typically bilateral, symmetrical, and confined to skeletal muscle [12], usually without creatine kinase (CK) elevation and without objective neuromuscular findings. Some of the frequently reported symptoms are muscle aches or soreness, cramps, weakness and/or fatigue. Very rarely, myopathy or rhabdomyolysis, accompanied by objective signs of weakness and/or CK elevation may occur at a rate of 1 in 10,000 patients per year [17,19,20], simvastatin being the most commonly implicated.
Health information needs of 1000 midlife Singaporean women
Published in Climacteric, 2020
J. L. J. Wong, W. P. P. Thu, C. W. Lim, Y. L. Wang, E. L. Yong, S. J. S. Logan
The importance of joint and muscle aches (somatic symptoms of menopause) is consistent with previous reports from Singapore19,20. Three of our chosen topics relate to national screening (cervical, breast, and colorectal), suggesting more information is needed. A study from Iran found similarities regarding cervical screening21. Many women were interested in information on complementary and alternative therapies for menopausal symptoms. The interest in CAM may demonstrate the general reluctance of Asian women to consider HRT22, possibly because they perceive menopause as a naturally occurring event which they have no control over12 and/or a result of recent publications fueling concerns regarding cancer risk23. It could also reflect the lack of undergraduate and postgraduate medical education in this area, such that health-care staff do not discuss this topic with their patients due to their own knowledge gaps24,25.