China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Fine motor development and hand function
Published in Ajay Sharma, Helen Cockerill, Lucy Sanctuary, Mary Sheridan's From Birth to Five Years, 2021
Ajay Sharma, Helen Cockerill, Lucy Sanctuary
Children with atypical fine motor development present with one or more of the following features: Delayed acquisition of fine motor skills beyond the expected variationPresence of associated movementsPoorly coordinated and dysfunctional movements
Assessment of fetal behavior
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Asim Kurjak, Milan Stanojevic, Badreldeen Ahmed, Guillermo Azumendi, Lara Spalldi-Barisic
De Vries conducted a literature search on motility in fetuses with congenital disorders. The review included 48 articles describing motility of 104 fetuses (84). The author divided abnormal motility into two main subcategories: hypo- and hyperkinetic with posture affected in 40/60 hypokinetic and 4/44 hyperkinetic moving fetuses. The majority of the disorders resulted in an adverse outcome. Fourteen percent survived with a handicap, depending on the underlying disorder. The 16 disorders with hypokinetic motility had mainly an autosomal recessive etiology with no possibility of invasive prenatal diagnosis or conclusive sonographic structural anomalies, in contrast to the 17 disorders with hyperkinetic motility. Within the limitations of the studies, a deeper understanding of affected milestones in motor development can be obtained. The author concluded that broadening motor assessment procedures from quantitative to qualitative aspects, including the assessment of behavioral states, and emphasizing onset and continuity of motility before and after birth will enhance the reliability and predictive value of motility as a parameter in the assessment of fetal condition (84).
Diseases of the Nervous System
Published in George Feuer, Felix A. de la Iglesia, Molecular Biochemistry of Human Disease, 2020
George Feuer, Felix A. de la Iglesia
The symptoms of the disease develop soon after birth and can be diagnosed within weeks thereafter by the presence of increased plasma phenylalanine sometimes up to 30 times above normal levels.194 At the same time, large amounts of phenylpyruvate are excreted in the urine. If not treated, signs of mental retardation can be observed after 6 months. Seizures and various other neurological abnormalities occur including tremors, microcephaly, electroencephalogram abnormalities, eczema, and reduced pigmentation of hair and skin. Usual stages of motor development are delayed, such as sitting, walking, and talking. The neurological changes run parallel with the degree of mental defect and in general, they are worse in severely affected individuals. Epileptic seizures and muscular toxicity often accompany the disease at an early stage. In older children and adults the process establishes a stationary level, but life expectancy is reduced. The incidence of phenylketonuria is about 1 in 10,000 to 25,000 births. Most of these patients are in mental institutions.
Does the combination of physical activity and attention training affect the motor skills and cognitive activities of individuals with mild intellectual disability?
Published in International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 2023
Sub-factors of motor development include fine motor integration, fine motor precision, dexterity, upper-limb coordination, which are effective on fast, accurate and controlled movement (Zwicker and Harris 2009). Fine motor skills are crucial for early learning and development (Pitchford et al.2016). It is significant for individuals with MID to eliminate fine motor skill deficiencies so as to achieve their daily lifestyle skills. Although there were findings that fine motor skills were improved by physical activities performed on individuals with MID (Top 2015), it had been stated within the study that it might not be enough to eliminate fine motor skills deficiencies only by physical activities, alongside cognitive functions and learning areas should be developed together (Vuijk et al.2010). In the study of Hartman et al. (2010) stated that although individuals got lower scores in locomotor skills than the individuals with borderline intellectual functioning, there was no difference in object control skills and that they also indicated that motor skills and cognitive activities should be developed together.
Investigation of the effectiveness of family collaborative physiotherapy programs applied to high-risk infants
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2023
Hatice Adiguzel, Yusuf Unal Sarikabadayi, Bulent Elbasan
The effects of early intervention on motor development have been investigated; however, studies differ in terms of homogeneity (Anderson, Treyvaud, and Spittle, 2020; Herskind, Greisen, and Nielsen, 2015; Khurana et al., 2020). No randomized controlled studies supporting cognitive and motor development have been reported. NDT-based approaches applied in early intervention programs started at discharge from the NICU did not make a difference in motor development (Herskind, Greisen, and Nielsen, 2015). However, it was emphasized that other studies providing the active participation of the infant had positive effects (Blauw‐Hospers and Hadders‐Algra, 2005; Herskind, Greisen, and Nielsen, 2015). Spittle, Boyd, Inder, and Doyle (2009) found that although the cognitive development of infants was not preserved until school age, it was more positively affected than motor development in the first 12 months. Thus, we believe that this study makes an important contribution to the literature in this sense (Blauw‐Hospers and Hadders‐Algra, 2005; Herskind, Greisen, and Nielsen, 2015).
Investigation of the effects of physical education activities on motor skills and quality of life in children with intellectual disability
Published in International Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 2023
ID causes limitations in various individual functions and often manifests as delayed motor and intellectual growth, low academic performance, and poor social communication skills (Baghande et al.2019). International evidence shows that children and young individuals with ID are less active than children of the same age without ID (Frey et al.2017). Physical fitness level affects motor and mental development (Skowroński et al.2018). In the transition from childhood to adolescence, the relationship between physical activity and motor skills becomes more important and stronger. Higher motor skill level provides more opportunities for physical, sports and game activities (Goodway et al.2019). Motor development is the continuous change in motor behavior throughout the life cycle (Gallahue et al.2012). Children with ID have delays in fine motor skills when compared to children of the same age without ID (Budury et al.2020). Many researchers state that children with ID perform less well in standard fitness tests and also have problems with balance and strength (Garavand et al.2018). Klavina et al. (2017) found that the levels of gross motor skills of primary school children diagnosed with ID were not at the level required by their age. Klavina et al. (2017) found that 50% of the participants scored lower for locomotor skills and 62% for object control skills in the performance scores required by chronological age. While the performance age level for these parameters was 9.6, it was determined as 6.3 for children with ID.