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Perceptual-cognitive development and cognition of movement
Published in Michael Horvat, Ronald V. Croce, Caterina Pesce, Ashley Fallaize, Developmental and Adapted Physical Education, 2019
Michael Horvat, Ronald V. Croce, Caterina Pesce, Ashley Fallaize
Perception–action coupling is the fundamental mechanism of motor cognition, which encompasses both the planning of own actions and the prediction and understanding of others’ actions. Motor cognition is therefore relevant for social interaction; developmental movement disorders, impacting action processing, may impair it.
Is the Motor Cortex Only an Executive Area? Its Role in Motor Cognition
Published in Alexa Riehle, Eilon Vaadia, Motor Cortex in Voluntary Movements, 2004
The above pattern of results on the mechanisms of covert action corresponds to the central stages of action organization, uncontaminated by the effects of execution. As such, it represents a possible framework for motor cognition.
The Role of Primary Motor Cortex: More Than Movement Execution
Published in Journal of Motor Behavior, 2021
Sagarika Bhattacharjee, Rajan Kashyap, Turki Abualait, Shen-Hsing Annabel Chen, Woo-Kyoung Yoo, Shahid Bashir
Miller et al. (2010) provided convincing evidence in support of the involvement of M1 in motor imagery. They recorded the M1 activity during the motor imagery process using an intracranial cortical electrophysiological recording in epilepsy patients. Their study confirmed that the spatiotemporal distribution of cortical activity during actual movements overlaps with the distribution of the activity during the imagery of the same movement. However, it is important to point out that the electrocorticographic activity during imagery was approximately 25% of the motor activity during actual motor action. Nevertheless, the magnitude was still sufficiently strong to control a computer cursor in the brain–computer interface task. Altogether, these findings explain why mental imagery practice can improve motor performance even in the absence of physical motor training (Pascual-Leone & Hamilton, 2001). To summarize, we conclude that in addition to a pivotal role in motor performance, M1 has a subtle but important role in motor cognition.
Cognitive predictors of sequential motor impairments in children with dyslexia and/or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Published in Developmental Neuropsychology, 2018
Marie-Ève Marchand-Krynski, Anne-Marie Bélanger, Olivier Morin-Moncet, Miriam H. Beauchamp, Gabriel Leonard
In conclusion, sequential motor deficits have been previously reported in dyslexia and ADHD and the current study reports that shared visual working memory and math fluency abilities contribute to sequential motor impairments in both disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the motor-cognition association in two developmental disorders and to support that the co-occurring motor impairments rely on similar networks. We encourage a unifying framework of neurodevelopmental disorders and the assessment of sequential motor skills to comprehend better the proposed framework.
In schizophrenia, psychomotor retardation is associated with executive and memory impairments, negative and psychotic symptoms, neurotoxic immune products and lower natural IgM to malondialdehyde
Published in The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 2020
Michael Maes, Sunee Sirivichayakul, Buranee Kanchanatawan, André F. Carvalho
In the current study, we found significant associations between MOT_ML and PMR indices and executive functions, especially planning and spatial working memory. Previously, it was shown that the Trail Making Test (TMT) scores were significantly associated with the withdrawal and retardation factor of the BPRS and with psychomotor speed (Mahurin et al. 2006). Importantly, Riddle (2013) reported that executive functions, especially planning may predict fine motor control, suggesting that when planning abilities decline also motor control declines. Corti et al. (2017) reviewed that planning may be a compensatory resource for fine motor control in adults. It is known that executive engagement improves motor performance in older adults (Heuninchx et al. 2008; Seidler et al. 2010). The effects of planning on motor functions are supported by findings in schizophrenia that planning dysfunctions contribute to psychomotor slowing (Jogems-Kosterman et al. 2001). Leisman et al. (2016) suggest that cognitive processes (e.g., planning) underpin motor output, including intended and actual movement and named this effect “Motor-Cognition”. The latter processes are localised in the M1 area, the premotor area, the pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA) and supplementary motor area (SMA), which allow for motor planning, while the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia initiate and organise the actions (Leisman et al. 2016). This explains that disorders in the premotor cortices are associated with aberrations in the initiation of movements (Walther and Strik, 2012). The main function of the prefrontal cortex is the temporal organisation of speech, behaviour, and reasoning with the participation of working memory, orientation for action and control of interference (Barbas, 2009; Fuster, 2009). It should be underscored that executive functions also control semantic and episodic memory (Sirivichayakul et al. 2019a), explaining in part the strong intercorrelations between executive functions, PMR and memory deficits reported here.